Sentences with phrase «emissions measurement system»

In RDE tests, exhaust gas emissions — NOx (nitrogen oxide), particles (fine dust) and other — are measured during an actual drive on the road using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS).

It is also possible to test emissions during real - world driving, using a portable emissions measurement system, though the process is cumbersome.

Not exact matches

Next week, the heads of 11 space agencies are expected to issue a joint communique from a meeting in New Delhi calling for cooperation to calibrate instruments and validate measurements «to achieve an international, independent system for estimating the global emissions based on internationally accepted data.»

The study, published online today in Environmental Science & Technology, provides the most comprehensive set yet of direct measurements of emissions from the distribution system and, with a series of partner studies, is helping to determine the natural gas industry's contribution to U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and to global warming.

Such a system of measurements can increase the reliability of national emissions estimates.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

The team concludes in the paper that the «high frequency and precision ground - based remote sensing results provide the performance metric and sampling strategy for satellite - based measurements, permitting a global emission monitoring system.»

Previously classed as spectral type M4.5 e (with emission lines), the object was observed to be four times brighter than would be expected for a dim red dwarf of that type based on a revised parallax measurement of its distance from the Solar System (Ken Croswell, Science@Now, September 6, 2011).

We find (i) measurements at all scales show that official inventories consistently underestimate actual CH4 [methane] emissions, with the natural gas and oil sectors as important contributors; (ii) many independent experiments suggest that a small number of «super-emitters» could be responsible for a large fraction of leakage; (iii) recent regional atmospheric studies with very high emissions rates are unlikely to be representative of typical natural gas system leakage rates; and (iv) assessments using 100 - year impact indicators show system - wide leakage is unlikely to be large enough to negate climate benefits of coal - to - natural gas substitution.

When spring thaw emissions were combined with growing season emissions, the conventional tillage system actually had higher total nitrous oxide emissions than the zero till system.We suggest that this type of experiment (full year emission measurements) be repeated with deep banding of N fertilizer, which would be expected to further reduce emissions from zero till systems.

The Trump administration has killed NASA's Carbon Monitoring System, which was responsible for compiling data from separate satellite and aircraft measurements of CO2 and methane emission across the Earth.

► Continuing to invest in the measurement, database development, reporting, and verification of land - use and land - management activities while monitoring effects of those activities on the climate system and linking them to emissions - reduction efforts.

Although we did not explicitly address the temporal or spatial resolution of emission data from each system, it is notable that the few published acoustic and eddy covariance - based reservoir CH4 flux estimates are quite high compared to the median CH4 flux estimates from less temporally and / or spatially integrated measurement techniques (figure 1).

She was one of the lead contributors in designing the first universal system for measurement, reporting, and verification of developed and developing country emissions and commitments under the UN.

According to a new study of 28,000 measurements collected between 2000 and 2006 and analyzed by NOAA's CarbonTracker system, only about a third of the carbon dioxide is absorbed by carbon sinks such as the soil and forests; a large portion of it ends up in the atmosphere - but that still leaves a significant amount unaccounted for.Interestingly, the CarbonTracker found carbon emissions to be highest in the Midwest; that single region released more carbon dioxide than any other country - except Russia, China, India and, of course, the U.S. Carbon dioxide was found to be most readily absorbed east of the Rocky Mountains and in northern Canada.

Our estimates of key climate model uncertainties are constrained by observations of the climate system for the period 1906 - 1995, 7 and uncertainty in emissions reflect errors in measurement of current emissions and expert judgment about variables that influence key economic projections.

Most economists consider a carbon tax a more effective instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions than the other major policy alternative, a cap - and - trade system that would require plant - by - plant emission measurements and could prompt companies to cheat.

She leads WRI's Measurement and Performance Tracking Project, which builds capacity in developing countries to create and enhance systems that track emissions reductions associated with low - carbon development goals.

The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth system.