Modality - specific alterations in the perception of
emotional stimuli in bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls and major depressive disorder
Effects of mindful - attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to
emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state.
Based on previous findings on attention to
emotional stimuli in children with disruptive behaviors (e.g., Kimonis et al., 2012; Hodsoll et al., 2014), we hypothesized that higher levels of CU traits would be associated with reduced attention toward fearful and angry faces, while higher levels of ODD - related problems would be associated with greater attention toward both negative and positive (happy) emotional faces.
Psychopathy, aggression, and the processing of
emotional stimuli in non-referred girls and boys.
EEG Correlations during a Working Memory Task with
Emotional Stimuli in Girls with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Secondary to Sexual Abuse
Not exact matches
In the more
emotional types of Protestant service both the external
stimuli and the inner warmth which the worshiper expects — and goes to church to secure — are conducive to attention.
J.K. Rowling is a talented storyteller, but she has also used the style and technique of modern television and cinema media, which seizes the imagination by pummelling it, bombarding it with powerful
stimuli,
in a rapid pace, with plenty of
emotional rewards.
Finally, we should keep
in mind that everybody tends to overreact to
emotional stimuli at the end of the day.
In fact, even innate language - learning ability is dependent on environmental stimuli, which includes emotional bonding that results in a desire to communicate more intimatel
In fact, even innate language - learning ability is dependent on environmental
stimuli, which includes
emotional bonding that results
in a desire to communicate more intimatel
in a desire to communicate more intimately.
The fear conditioning experiments, done with live rats, showed that individual neurons
in the amygdala, the
emotional hub of the brain, that were initially capable of telling apart safe from dangerous
stimuli can start firing indiscriminately — causing the rat to become fearful of non-threatening
stimuli.
This novel study is the first to separate emotion from threat by controlling for the dimension of arousal, the
emotional reaction provoked, whether positive or negative,
in response to
stimuli.
«
In light of the current findings, it is certainly plausible that individuals displaying decreased pupillary response to
emotional stimuli and relatively higher levels of disaster - related stress may be good candidates for cognitive therapy to alleviate their depression,» said Brandon Gibb, professor of psychology at Binghamton University, director of the Mood Disorders Institute and Center for Affective Science, and co-author of the study.
Short pain
stimuli are processed
in sensory brain areas, whereas ongoing pain is processed
in frontal brain areas which are related to
emotional processes.
Study
in rats suggests long - term, moderate consumption of alcohol improves recall of both visual and
emotional stimuli
Getting stuck on threatening
stimuli is often associated with difficulties
in regulating negative
emotional experiences.
Other studies have shown that asthma patients experience more constricted airways than healthy control subjects
in response to
emotional stimuli.
The researchers scanned the entire brain and discovered that memories of alcohol consumption — often prompted by external
stimuli — caused activation of this protein
in specific regions of the frontal cortex, the area of the brain related to memory processing, as well as
in the nucleus of the amygdala, which is responsible for
emotional memories and involved
in the
emotional symptoms related to withdrawal.
The fMRI results (event - related design) show that chemosensory anxiety signals activate brain areas involved
in the processing of social
emotional stimuli (fusiform gyrus), and
in the regulation of empathic feelings (insula, precuneus, cingulate cortex).
To summarize (and simplify) greatly, depression is a dysfunction
in the communication between your brain's frontal lobe, your thinking brain, and limbic system which controls autonomic bodily functions, like breathing and heart beat, and endocrine function, particularly
in response to
emotional stimuli.
An overstimulated, undernourished nervous system results
in greater
emotional sensitivity and reactivity, so by strengthening this system we increase our threshold for stress - and anxiety - provoking
stimuli.
In regards to
emotional support and anxiety - reduction, there are a number of standouts that work incredibly effectively by nourishing the nervous and endocrine systems, thereby regulating our physiological reaction to life stressors and
stimuli.
I suspect it would be much healthier to have the connections more focused on physical and
emotional stimuli, more akin to what's encountered
in the 2 - player game.
Visual
stimuli and
emotional response are linked
in a simple way and these two together generate what we call memories.
If a child develops a feeling of intense anger
in response to a
stimulus, that anger may represent an
emotional memory of an earlier experience stored
in the OFC.
However, the most efficient method to create a strong positive
emotional response to
stimuli is to not only condition the response with the first experience, but also to have the novel
stimulus (e.g., nail trimmers) precede the pleasant one (treat), as
in the following steps:
A good approach
in tackling dog fear is to invest
in classical counterconditioning — a behavior modification technique meant to change the dog's
emotional response towards a feared
stimulus by encouraging an emotion that is incompatible with fear.
in the past about using counter-conditioning and desensitization to help dogs change their association with fear - causing
stimuli in order to change their
emotional response.
Here, the
emotional responses of 23 BD participants were compared with that of 24 healthy controls after various
stimuli; the study found greater HRV
in the BD group after the
stimuli through an increase
in measures related to parasympathetic activity.16 More recently,
in 2015, Voggt et al investigated HRV features
in 90 euthymic bipolar patients compared with 62 healthy controls.
Emotional and physiological responses to normative and idiographic positive
stimuli in bipolar disorder
Citing research, Schore asserts «the right hemisphere is dominant for the perception of nonverbal
emotional expressions embedded
in facial and prosodic
stimuli, even at unconscious levels, for nonverbal communication, and for implicit learning,» and that «
emotional face - to - face communications occur on an unconscious level.»
Ortner et al. (2007) further showed that when meditation - naïve participants were assigned to mindfulness meditation, relaxation meditation training, or waitlist control, after 7 - week training, only the mindfulness meditation group showed a reduction
in emotional interference, that is, they were quicker to disengage their attention from
emotional stimuli.
Results indicated MBCT - C was associated with increases
in activation of the bilateral insula, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus, as well as the left anterior cingulate while viewing
emotional stimuli during the continuous processing task with
emotional and neutral distractors (CPT - END), and decreases
in anxiety were correlated with change
in activation
in the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate during the viewing of
emotional stimuli.
However, the difference
in brain activity during processing of both, positive and negative
emotional facial
stimuli between the two priming conditions appeared
in the attachment anxiety group alone.
This temperamental profile can act aggressively,
in an emotionally dysregulated manner, within the context of these strong emotions, without thinking to the potential consequences of these acts, given the hypervigilant style of responding to
emotional stimuli.
As for ODD, studies have shown, as early as preschool age, that, compared to children with low levels of CU traits and ODD, those with higher levels of CU traits have more severe ODD problems, showing deficits
in processing
emotional stimuli, such as fearful faces, having lower levels of fearfulness and anxiety, manifesting insensitivity to punishment and displaying physiological hypoarousal, such as low stress reaction — lower heart rate at rest and during reactivity to
emotional stimuli (Fanti, 2016).
Relative to healthy controls, MDD youth displayed a potentiated response to peer rejection
in a ventral network of brain regions involved
in the identification of
emotional and social
stimuli and the generation of affective states (Phillips et al., 2003), including the sgACC, anterior insula, amygdala and NAcc.
As crucial processes to extracting information from the environment, attention mechanisms are considered highly relevant to attachment - related differences
in the processing of
emotional stimuli, especially potentially threatening
stimuli (Fraley et al., 2000).
In real life situations, we tend to process emotional information alongside other stimuli, therefore it is critical for successful social functioning to react to emotional cues, even if these occur while we are engaged in another activit
In real life situations, we tend to process
emotional information alongside other
stimuli, therefore it is critical for successful social functioning to react to
emotional cues, even if these occur while we are engaged
in another activit
in another activity.
This, along with the higher activation seen before the presentation of
emotional facial
stimuli, implies that cues related to a secure figure can capture the attention resources, thereby affecting the performance
in subsequent cognitive tasks.
As irritable mood is characterized by excessive reactivity to negative
emotional stimuli, irritable individuals are more likely to be angry or aggressive
in response to provocation [19].
Therefore, for this temperamental profile, problems
in regulating high negative
emotional reactivity and a hypervigilent style toward
emotional stimuli increase the propensity for serious conduct problems.
In the case of negative
emotional stimuli, these results partially support our hypothesis regarding the interaction effects of CU traits and ODD on attentional allocation.
For instance, there is evidence of individual differences
in expressing avoidance or hypervigilance with respect to attachment threats: fearful avoidant individuals are
in fact characterized by cognitive avoidance of all highly
emotional stimuli (Dewitte et al., 2007).
We suggest that the nature of
emotional arousal which accompanies trauma alters the physical process by which the body regulates future affective
stimuli in ways that are potentially detrimental to human relationships.
In terms of studies regarding behavioral problems, one extensive meta - analysis of the relationship between sleep deprivation and cognition in school - aged children found a significant increase in behavioral problems in children with shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
In terms of studies regarding behavioral problems, one extensive meta - analysis of the relationship between sleep deprivation and cognition
in school - aged children found a significant increase in behavioral problems in children with shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in school - aged children found a significant increase
in behavioral problems in children with shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in behavioral problems
in children with shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in children with shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted
in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in a significant increment
in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in alertness and
emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restri
emotional reactivity
in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.3
in children, which led to delinquency, long - term
emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restri
emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative
stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30)
Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restri
Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of
emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restri
emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.32)
Furthermore, people with high levels of CU traits (psychopathic personality) have been shown to have three specific cognitive and
emotional deficits; a poor conditioned fear response, reduced ability to recognise fear, and deficits
in stimulus - reinforcement tasks (see Moul et al. [12] for a review).
This definition emphasizes the importance of more sensitive, responsive, supportive and intellectually stimulating parenting or mature parenting focusing on cognitive, conscious, voluntary control rather than
emotional, prompt, involuntary
emotional reactivity to environmental
stimuli in caregivers.
Through sensitive observation and responses, mothers can facilitate the infant's reactions to internal and external
stimuli, and this
in turn may help the infant achieve a well - regulated
emotional state (Thompson 1994).
Perseverance involves an attentional component where young people need to be able to attend to
stimuli for a prolonged period of time to be able to complete a task, and an
emotional component where young people need to be able to stay calm and on track when they face challenges and frustrations
in completing a task.
Our results are
in line with other neuroimaging studies that have found reduced activations to different kinds of affective
stimuli within the brain
emotional systems
in violent adult subjects and
in adolescents with conduct disorder.