In these endeavors, we
employ and extend tools and ideas from diverse fields, including statistical mechanics, machine learning,
dynamical systems theory, and information theory.
The challenges are significant, but the record of progress suggests that within the next decade the scientific community will develop fully coupled
dynamical (prognostic) models of the full Earth
system (e.g., the coupled physical climate, biogeochemical, human sub-systems) that can be
employed on multi-decadal time - scales and at spatial scales relevant to strategic impact assessment.