Endoderm markers were GATA - 4, GATA - 6, and SOX - 17; Mesoderm markers were GSC, MIXL1, and T; Neural markers were PAX - 6 and LHX - 2.
Immunofluorescence staining of definitive
endoderm markers (Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4) was carried out (c)--(n).
For definitive endoderm differentiation, spontaneously formed EBs on day 6 were plated onto matrigel - coated dishes and maintained in a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A. Scale - like cells appeared (Figure 5A), which were positive for definitive
endoderm markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4.
However, when challenged to differentiate immediately after purification, each exhibits strong lineage bias, with
the endoderm marker - expressing fraction unexpectedly able to contribute to the extra-embryonic endoderm in chimeric embryos.
Not exact matches
The answer was yes: They found cells with
markers from all three major body cell types, called germ layers: ectoderm (such as nerve cells), mesoderm (muscle and blood vessel cells), and
endoderm (kidney cells).
Simultaneously, expression of
markers for major developmental lineages, including trophectoderm (Cdx2), ectoderm (Fgf5), mesoderm (T) and
endoderm (Gsc, Sox7 and Afp), was activated (Figure 4B, bottom panel).
One of these cells types, characterized by both the expression of the Venus transgene and the ES cells
marker SSEA - 1 (V+S +), appears to represent an early step in primitive
endoderm specification.
A more recent study showed overlapping expression of nanog with GATA - 6 and a Pdgfra reporter,
markers of the primitive
endoderm lineage, from the morula to the 64 cell stages [8], suggesting a gradual transition from a pluripotency program to a committed state.
We have previously reported that our 26 - d protocol closely recapitulates key stages of biliary development, starting with the differentiation of hPSCs into
endoderm and subsequently into foregut progenitor (FP) cells, followed by the generation of hepatoblasts (HBs), cholangiocyte progenitors (CPs) expressing early biliary
markers and mature CLCs displaying cholangiocyte functionality.