Otto, A., F. E. L. Otto, O. Boucher, J. Church, G. Hegerl, P. M. Forster, N. P. Gillett, J. Gregory, G. C. Johnson, R. Knutti, N. Lewis, U. Lohmann, J. Marotzke, G. Myhre, D. T. Shindell, B. Stevens, and M. R. Allen, 2013:
Energy budget constraints on climate response.
26, No. 19 (October 2013), pp. 7414 — 7429, doi: 10.1175 / JCLI - D -12-00473.1; and Alexander Otto et al., «
Energy Budget Constraints on Climate Response,» Nature Geoscience, Vol.
[19] Lewis, «An Objective Bayesian Improved Approach for Applying Optimal Fingerprint Techniques to Estimate Climate Sensitivity,» and Otto et al., «
Energy Budget Constraints on Climate Response.»
Not exact matches
That said, most startups can't invest time and
energy into all these marketing efforts due to
budget constraints.
Life is very powerful, but it's still subject to physical limits like
energy budgets, time
constraints, and the square - cube law.
WFIRST was aimed at studying dark
energy and exoplanets, but its estimated price tag of $ 1.5 billion and NASA's
budget constraints had all but eliminated the possibility that NASA could pursue it before the mid-2020s.
Another point is that total cloud variation is a rather useless
constraint on the TOA
energy perturbation, since clouds act on both sides of the planetary
energy budget.
The real answer lies in the
constraints of the
energy budget at TOA — and what little evidence there is suggests that OHC follows changes in the erergy balance at TOA quite closely.
Hence, the easiest way to figure out what is going to happen to the surface temperature is actually to look at the
energy budget at the top of the atmosphere (where we know the only
energy transfers are via radiation) and then to incorporate convection and latent heat transfer essentially through understanding the
constraints that they set on the lapse rate.
That's because right now it's pretty easy to save money by cutting down on
energy consumption, despite the 10 % of respondents that said they had to cut green initiatives because of
budget constraints.
And, so, they seem to seek out the most difficult parameters —
budget, site
constraints,
energy use, and clients — then turn out projects such as the 100K house for Postgreen and its successors in Philadelphia.
Unless a
budget constraint is binding, higher
energy prices do not influence
energy consumption of individuals or companies with some slack.
Dr Curry, I think the four types of
constraints I found in the annual global mean data (albedo, cloud,
energy budget, flux pattern) will severely limit the number of possible outcome scenarios.