Sentences with phrase «energy budget estimates»

Energy budget estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) are derived using the comprehensive 1750 — 2011 time series and the uncertainty ranges for forcing components provided in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Working Group I Report, along with its estimates of heat accumulation in the climate system.

Energy budget estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) are derived based on the best estimates and uncertainty ranges for forcing provided in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Scientific Report (AR5).

It is worth noting that inferences of climate sensitivity from energy budget estimates suggest low ECS values, i.e., ~ 2 K, but their uncertainty is so large that they can not exclude much higher ECS (Forster 2016).

Not exact matches

The combined fiscal impact of the six «100 hours» bills (which implement 9/11 Commission recommendations, close energy tax loopholes and more) is significant: the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated $ 21.1 billion in savings and revenue over the next ten years if the bills are signed into law.

However, the budget will also add to the cost of doing business by extending assessments on electric, natural gas and steam energy, for a total cost of nearly $ 1.5 billion, half of which will be paid by business, and by increasing the minimum wage — a measure whose impact will be felt by many business, with total cost estimates as high as $ 2 billion per year once fully implemented.

These include lowering expense projections for retirement and health insurance expense to reflect lower projected usage and rates not available at the time the budget request was prepared; lowering utility cost estimates to reflect the significant decline in energy demand and prices resulting from reduced economic activity and lowering other operating cost estimates to reflect lower anticipated price changes.

Not even the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has managed to muster much enthusiasm for the technology: it recently estimated that the ocean's maximum contribution to the global energy budget would not exceed a paltry 1 to 2 per cent by 2050.

But green energy watchers always suspected that the government was not ready to pony up the necessary billions it would take, including the ballooning $ 1.8 - billion estimated budget for FutureGen, which many environmentalists charged was a mere payoff for the politically connected coal industry.

The second step involved calculating Earth's energy balance for this time period, using estimates of greenhouse gas concentrations extracted from air bubbles in ice cores, and incorporating astronomical factors, known as Milankovitch Cycles, that effect the planetary heat budget.

An August 2012 Congressional Budget Office report estimated the government would collect roughly $ 5 billion in the first 10 years after opening ANWR to energy development.

WFIRST was aimed at studying dark energy and exoplanets, but its estimated price tag of $ 1.5 billion and NASA's budget constraints had all but eliminated the possibility that NASA could pursue it before the mid-2020s.

The Department of Energy's budget request — the same document calling for a 70 percent cut to energy efficiency and renewable energy programs — touts a study showing that the $ 12 billion invested by the agency in this research over the years has yielded «an estimated net economic benefit to the United States of more than $ 230 billion.&Energy's budget request — the same document calling for a 70 percent cut to energy efficiency and renewable energy programs — touts a study showing that the $ 12 billion invested by the agency in this research over the years has yielded «an estimated net economic benefit to the United States of more than $ 230 billion.&energy efficiency and renewable energy programs — touts a study showing that the $ 12 billion invested by the agency in this research over the years has yielded «an estimated net economic benefit to the United States of more than $ 230 billion.&energy programs — touts a study showing that the $ 12 billion invested by the agency in this research over the years has yielded «an estimated net economic benefit to the United States of more than $ 230 billion.»

[Response: We have estimates of the imbalance through looking at heat storage in the ocean and looking at the surface energy budget, but I'll defer to Gavin on how accurate those estimates are.

The new Nature Energy paper estimates the UK's share of a Paris - compliant carbon budget and then asks what this would mean for domestic climate targets.

The IPCC report estimated that we've already used 515 billion tonnes of the carbon budget as of 2011 by burning fossil fuels for energy as well as by clearing forests for farming and myriad other uses.

This sensitivity estimate is not the last word on the subject, because of uncertainties in the approximate formulae used to compute the terms in the energy balance, and neglect of possible effects of water vapor feedback on the surface budget.

There are variuos ways to estimate climate sensitivity, studies of volcanic eruptions, ice ages, or measurements of Earth's energy budget.

«Reconciled Climate Response Estimates from Climate Models and the Energy Budget of Earth.»

There has been a recent emphasis in decadal - scale prediction, and also creating a marriage between climate and fields such as synoptic - dynamic meteorology... something relatively new (and a different sort of problem, than say, estimating the boundary condition change in a 2xCO2 world); as Susan Solomon mentioned in her writing, a lot of people have become much more focused on the nature of the «noise» inherent within the climate system, something which also relates to Kevin Trenberth's remarks about tracking Earth's energy budget carefully.

Size and scale can be calculated or estimated in the energy budget of the Earth.

Green Budget Germany, who recently released a report estimating the German energy - related subsidies to fossil fuel production and consumption at EUR 46 billion, expressed disappointment at the government yet another time failing to disclose energy subsidies that are harmful to the climate.

«A particularly robust way of empirically estimating climate sensitivity is the so - called «energy - budget» method, which is based on a fundamental physical law — the conservation of energy.

Energy - budget best estimates of ECS fall in a range between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C (1.25 — 1.4 °C for TCR), depending on the exact periods chosen for analysis.

Using a global energy budget approach, this paper seeks to understand the implications for climate sensitivity (both ECS and TCR) of the new estimates of radiative forcing and uncertainty therein given in AR5.

The Congressional Budget Office estimates that a 15 percent cut in emissions from a base year would raise annual average household energy costs by almost $ 1,300 (in 2006 «constant» dollars), or roughly 3 percent of income for the bottom four fifths of the population.

49 Rising Energy Costs for Consumers Average annual household utility bills have increased 48 % since 1980 (adjusted for inflation)-- Add in today's average annual gasoline budget per household and today's estimated annual home energy budget is over $ 3,800 Electricity costs continue to rise, with some utilities requesting rate increases of 35 % or more Spending on electricity is the highest share of total consumer spending since the energy crisis of 2000 Energy consumption has been rising along with costs — Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20 % bEnergy Costs for Consumers Average annual household utility bills have increased 48 % since 1980 (adjusted for inflation)-- Add in today's average annual gasoline budget per household and today's estimated annual home energy budget is over $ 3,800 Electricity costs continue to rise, with some utilities requesting rate increases of 35 % or more Spending on electricity is the highest share of total consumer spending since the energy crisis of 2000 Energy consumption has been rising along with costs — Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20 % benergy budget is over $ 3,800 Electricity costs continue to rise, with some utilities requesting rate increases of 35 % or more Spending on electricity is the highest share of total consumer spending since the energy crisis of 2000 Energy consumption has been rising along with costs — Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20 % benergy crisis of 2000 Energy consumption has been rising along with costs — Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20 % bEnergy consumption has been rising along with costs — Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20 % by 2015

from the pdf: Using a global energy budget approach, this paper seeks to understand the implications for climate sensitivity (both ECS and TCR) of the new estimates of radiative forcing and uncertainty therein given in AR5.

Further, we refine the energy budget methodology for determining climate sensitivity to minimize the impact of natural internal variability on the estimate of climate sensitivity.

Along with solar and hydroelectric, it is one of the forms most relied on by governments to provide renewable energy, with some estimates suggesting wind energy could contribute up to 10 - 20 % of the world's total energy budget.

My understanding is that the problem is the various measurements differ significantly, so confidence is gained by estimating some of the energy budget items more accurately than the measurement errors permit.

The Lewis & Crok report placed considerable weight on energy budget sensitivity estimates based on the carefully considered AR5 forcing and heat uptake data, but those had been published too recently for any peer reviewed sensitivity estimates based on them to exist.

The proposed increase [to Oregon's Business Energy Tax Credit] would cost the state an estimated $ 6.5 million in the 2009 - 11 budget cycle but could also translate to more business investment and less reliance on fossil fuels, Michael Grainey, the state's energy director, told The OregEnergy Tax Credit] would cost the state an estimated $ 6.5 million in the 2009 - 11 budget cycle but could also translate to more business investment and less reliance on fossil fuels, Michael Grainey, the state's energy director, told The Oregenergy director, told The Oregonian.

New estimates of the large - scale Arctic atmospheric energy budget.

Climate scientists were faced with the question, why did this third approach (known as the «energy budget approach») yield somewhat lower results than others, and which estimate is right?

REA16 also claim that energy budget TCR estimates are sensitive to analysis period (s), particularly when using a trend method.

This new NASA paper builds upon those previous studies by better quantifying the efficiencies of different forcings over the historical period and the effect this has on energy budget approach climate sensitivity estimates.

One estimate of the earth's radiation budget shows that the earth's surface is gaining energy at a rate of 0.9 W / M2.

eadler2, «One estimate of the earth's radiation budget shows that the earth's surface is gaining energy at a rate of 0.9 W / M2»

Here's a link to the pdf of Kiehl and Trenberth's «Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget» to see where the numbers for the various energy fluxes came from and how they were measured (mostly) or estiEnergy Budget» to see where the numbers for the various energy fluxes came from and how they were measured (mostly) or estienergy fluxes came from and how they were measured (mostly) or estimated.

Clouds and aerosols continue to contribute the largest uncertainty to estimates and interpretations of the Earth's changing energy budget.

The IPCC report estimated that we've already used 531 billion tons of that budget as of 2011 by burning fossil fuels for energy as well as by clearing forests for farming and myriad other uses.

That is very close to the Otto estimate arrived at via energy budget observations.

If you read an energy - budget estimate you will find: - Sensitivity from 1870 to 2010 - From 1930 to 2010 - From 1870 to 2000

A new paper by Andrew Dessler et al. claims, based on 100 simulations of the historical period (1850 to date) by the MPI ‑ ESM1.1 climate model, that estimates of climate sensitivity using the energy - budget method can vary widely due to internal climate system variability.

Taking the midpoint of your 4 — 5 C range for the change in global surface temperature between the same periods, and the 3.71 W / m2 best estimate for forcing for a doubling of CO2 adopted by the IPCC and used by Kohler in calculating the forcing change, this implies an energy - budget best estimate for ECS of 4.5 * 3.71 / 9.5 = 1.76 C.

The budget anticipates an estimated savings of $ 27,400 in utility costs for the coming and future years as a result of various energy saving measures being made in the building's HVAC and electrical systems.

His approach seems more at a pure planetary level, and as he said, there are really only three known measurements available for use as input to an energy budget, all other numbers are derived or only estimated.

Fasullo and Trenberth (2008a) provide an assessment of the global energy budgets at TOA and the surface, for the global atmosphere, and ocean and land domains based on a synthesis of satellite retrievals, reanalysis fields, a land surface simulation, and ocean temperature estimates.

This range considerably exceeds the estimated $ 28 per ton carbon dioxide abatement cost of the cap - and - trade regime included in the painstakingly negotiated American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, as computed by the Congressional Budget Office.

Fasullo and Trenberth (2008b) went on to evaluate the temporal and spatial characteristics of meridional atmospheric energy transports for ocean, land, and global domains, while Trenberth and Fasullo (2008) delved into the ocean heat budget in considerable detail and provided an observationally based estimate of the mean and annual cycle of ocean energy divergence and a comprehensive assessment of uncertainty.