Exhibit 2 shows summary statistics of the four dividend indices regressed on Fama -
French factor returns including market beta (Mkt - rf), small size (SMB), value (HML), and momentum (MOM).
Not exact matches
The five
factors Mladina used in his model are the Fama -
French market beta, size and value
factors plus the term (the
return of the Barclays U.S. Treasury Index minus the
return of one - month Treasury bills) and default (the
return of the Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield Index minus the
return of the Barclays U.S. Treasury Index)
factors.
Mladina used a modified version of the Fama -
French five -
factor model to evaluate how well the
returns and risks of publicly traded equity REITs and private real estate investments are explained by common stock and bond
factors.
He modified the original Fama -
French five -
factor model to account for research finding that, because there is no real - time market price for illiquid private assets,
returns are appraisal - based and subject to manager judgment.
Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French develop the three -
factor asset pricing model, which identifies market, size, and price (value)
factors as the principal drivers of equity
returns.
Index Portfolio 50 is shown at the fulcrum of the teeter - totter, and the period - specific expected
return can be estimated based on 50 or 86 years of simulated historical
returns, the Fama /
French Five -
Factor Model, or any reasonable method an investor chooses.
Does the Fama -
French five -
factor model of stock
returns (employing market, size, book - to - market, investment and profitability
factors) explain the outperformance of low - volatility stocks.
Using daily and monthly
factor portfolio
returns from Kenneth
French during 1926 or 1963 through 2015 and currency carry trade
returns during 1983 through 2015, they find that: Keep Reading
With the
French election ending in the defeat of Le Pen, one more risk
factor has been removed from the table and low volatility has
returned.
In the early 1990s, Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French conducted research and identified companies with two
factors or characteristics that appeared to have a positive effect on
returns:
The seminal work on Book - to - Price was the 1992 Fama -
French paper «The Cross-Section of Expected Stock
Returns», which established the 3 -
Factor model of Market, Size and Book - to - Price.
Using monthly U.S. stock market
factor and sector
returns from Kenneth
French's library spanning July 1963 through November 2014, they find that: Keep Reading
Does Adding Momentum and Volatility Improve Performance», Mohammed Elgammal, Fatma Ahmed, David McMillan and Ali Al - Amari examine whether adding momentum and low - volatility
factors enhances the Fama -
French 5 -
factor (market, size, book - to - market, profitability, investment) model of stock
returns.
The Fama -
French three
factor model, using the SMB and HML
factors, explains over 90 % of
returns of diversified portfolios, instead of the average 70 % explained by the CAPM.
Gradually, the Fama -
French Model looked to account for additional
factors such as size and value, in addition to broad market
returns.
Fama and
French found that beta alone explained about 70 % of
returns, while the size and value
factors accounted for another 25 %.
Academic research by Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French has provided convincing evidence that exposure to risk
factors based on company size (smaller = riskier) and value / growth (value = riskier) has resulted in higher
returns over many periods in multiple countries.
Founded in 1992 by Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French, the Fama and
French's Three
Factor model uses three
factors, including HML, to attempt to explain excess
returns in a manager's portfolio.
Using daily and monthly
factor portfolio
returns from Kenneth
French during 1926 or 1963 through 2015 and currency carry trade
returns during 1983 through 2015, they find that: Keep Reading
The Fama -
French Three -
Factor Model is a method for explaining the risk and
return of stocks.
Fama -
French conducted studies to test their model, using thousands of random stock portfolios, and found that when size and value
factors are combined with the beta
factor, they could then explain as much as 95 % of the
return in a diversified stock portfolio.
The multiple linear regression indicates how well the
returns of the given assets or a portfolio are explained by the Fama -
French three -
factor model based on market, size and value loading
factors.
The analysis is based on asset
returns for the entered mutual funds and ETFs, and the
factor returns published on Kenneth
French's web site and AQR's web site.
Carhart four -
factor model adds momentum as the fourth
factor for explaining asset
returns, and the Fama -
French five -
factor model extends the three -
factor model with profitability (RMW) and investment (CMA)
factors.
The firm launched its first value strategies in 1993, a year after professors Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French published their seminal three -
factor asset - pricing model, which indicated that value stocks offer an additional
return premium.
The blue line in Panel A shows the
return of the classic Fama —
French HML (high minus low) value
factor, which compares a capitalization - weighted portfolio of the 30 % cheapest stocks (high book - to - price ratio) to a cap - weighted portfolio of the 30 % most expensive stocks (low book - to - price ratio).
The multiple linear regression shows how well the
returns of the given assets or a portfolio are explained by market, size, value and momentum
factors, and the Fama -
French five -
factor model extends the three -
factor model with profitability (RMW) and investment (CMA)
factors.
She defines idiosyncratic volatility as the standard deviation of daily residuals from monthly regressions of
returns (in excess of the risk - free rate) for each stock versus Fama -
French model
factors.
In 1992, however, Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French published a paper pointing out that portfolio
returns were influenced (surprisingly reliably) by two additional
factors:
Following the work of Fama and
French (1992, 1993), there has been wide - spread usage of book - to - market as a
factor to explain stock
return patterns.
More recently, for the past eight years, value investing has been a disaster with the Russell 1000 Value Index underperforming the S&P 500 by 1.6 % a year, and the Fama —
French value
factor in large - cap stocks
returning − 4.8 % annually over the same period.
Does the Fama -
French five -
factor model of stock
returns (employing market, size, book - to - market, investment and profitability
factors) explain the outperformance of low - volatility stocks.
Following Fama and
French (1993) and Chen, Novy - Marx, and Zhang (2010), we create an enterprise multiple
factor that generates a
return premium of 5.28 % per year.
This strategy is based on the Fama -
French Three
Factor Model, which holds that small - cap and value stocks should deliver higher risk - adjusted
returns over the very long term.
They analyzed
returns using a traditional three -
factor model espoused by Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French, which considers excess
returns, valuation and market size, and Mark Carhart's four -
factor model, which includes momentum.
This paper tested the applicability of the Fama -
French Three -
Factor Model to international equity
returns.
Using theory, monthly
returns for 10,145 U.S. domestic equity mutual funds, the risk - free (lending) rate and
returns for the five Fama -
French factors during July 2005 through June 2015, he finds that: Keep Reading
The authors examined the 3 -
Factor (Fama /
French 3
Factor Model) adjusted excess
returns (alpha) of 3,156 actively managed mutual funds between 1984 to 2006.
They then compared these aggregate results to a distribution of potential 3 -
factor (Fama / French Three Factor Model) adjusted excess returns (alpha) based on random out
factor (Fama /
French Three
Factor Model) adjusted excess returns (alpha) based on random out
Factor Model) adjusted excess
returns (alpha) based on random outcomes.
In 1992, the Fama -
French three
factor model (market risk, size and value) found that both the size (small vs large cap) and book - to - market equity (value vs growth)
factors deliver a higher risk - adjusted
return in NYSE stocks, and thus the model adjusts for the outperformance of size and value when valuing a stock.
Fama and
French later expanded their model to include fixed income, identifying term and default as two additional risk
factors that explain
returns for fixed income.
Sharpe's CAPM was widely held as the explanation of equity
returns until 1992 when Nobel Laureate Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French introduced their Fama /
French Three -
Factor Model, identifying market, size and value as the three
factors that explain as much as 96 % of the
returns of diversified stock portfolios.