Fuel ethanol requires buying huge amounts of corn, transporting it to a distillery, operating the distillery, and then distributing the final product into the gasoline pool.
Not exact matches
From the start, the
ethanol industry has been dogged by concerns about its net energy balance — whether
ethanol requires more fossil
fuel to make than it replaces.
The researchers, who found that
ethanol requires 29 percent more fossil energy than it provides, question the morality of using grain to
fuel cars in the face of world hunger.
Pruitt said he would support the U.S. renewable
fuels standard, which
requires biofuels like
ethanol to be blended in gasoline, but said the program needed some tweaks.
Congress in 2007
required that refiners blend 36 billion gallons of
ethanol into
fuel supply by 2022.
The Obama administration seems to agree, granting $ 786 million in 2009 for biofuels research and setting up the Biofuels Interagency Working Group to study how best to meet the renewable
fuel standard mandated by Congress that will
require increasing the amount of renewable
fuels, such as
ethanol, to 36 billion gallons by 2022.
Examples of indirect use which
require energy harvesting are electricity generation through wind turbines or photovoltaic cells, or production of
fuels such as
ethanol from biomass.
Such cellulosic
ethanol from native plants would also
require technological breakthroughs to efficiently convert plant leaves, stems and other inedible parts into
fuel.
«Cost competitive, energy responsible cellulosic
ethanol made from switchgrass or from forestry waste like sawdust and wood chips
requires a more complex refining process but it's worth the investment,» Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman said at the Range
Fuels facility groundbreaking in November.
The second is that someone will ask the candidate whether he or she supports the Renewable
Fuel Standard, or RFS: the federal program that, among other things,
requires all gasoline sold in this country to contain a minimum amount of «renewable biofuel» — which in Iowa, of course, means corn - based
ethanol.
«When we raced at Infineon Raceway in 2004, California regulations
required ethanol as an additive, so all of the race cars»
fuel lines and seals were already compatible with gasoline /
ethanol fuel.
Legislation
requires retailers to label
fuels containing
ethanol on the dispenser, and limits
ethanol use to 10 % of gasoline in Australia.
This necessitated a complete review of the
fuel system to identify, and if
required replace, components deemed to be insufficiently resistant to the corrosive properties of
ethanol.
One key topic of current concern is the Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS)-- a law that
requires annual increases in the amount of
ethanol to be added to gasoline.
The
ethanol boost engine is similar to Ricardo's modified GM 3.2 L direct injected turbo blown
ethanol optimized engine except that the Ricardo does not
require separate
fuels.
Just as the government
requires ethanol to be blended into gasoline, they also
require or promote the blending of renewable biomass components into diesel
fuels.
Last week the EPA dismissed a petition by the American Petroleum Institute seeking relief from the cellulosic
ethanol mandate, which
requires that oil refiners blend 8.65 million gallons of
ethanol into the
fuel supply by the end of 2012:
David Pimentel, a professor of ecology at Cornell University who has been studying grain alcohol for 20 years, and Tad Patzek, an engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley, co-wrote a recent report that estimates that making
ethanol from corn
requires 29 percent more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel itself actually contains.
A decade ago Congress passed legislation creating the federal Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS)-- requiring escalating volumes of ethanol in the U.S. fuel supply — that was intended in part to help reduce crude oil imports while capitalizing the supposed environmental advantages of etha
Fuel Standard (RFS)--
requiring escalating volumes of
ethanol in the U.S.
fuel supply — that was intended in part to help reduce crude oil imports while capitalizing the supposed environmental advantages of etha
fuel supply — that was intended in part to help reduce crude oil imports while capitalizing the supposed environmental advantages of
ethanol.
• Since 2007, the RFS, which
requires fuel retailers to blend corn
ethanol into the gasoline they sell, has saddled American motorists with more than $ 10 billion per year in extra
fuel costs above what they would have paid if they had purchased gasoline alone.
The other concern is the high degree of embedded (and unsustainable) fossil
fuels required for grain
ethanol production.
Ethanol mandates
require greater amounts of the
fuel to be blended with gasoline.
From 2007 to 2013, corn
ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying for more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million in campaign contributions — for a
fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines,
requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide than gasoline.
To accomplish these conflicting goals, motorists are now given tax credits to drive heavily - subsidized electric cars, even as they will supposedly be
required to buy more and more
ethanol - laced
fuel each year.
But all of this is despite serious scientific concerns about biofuels, especially corn
ethanol - whose production
requires lots of land, and consumes lots of energy - some say more than the
fuel itself produces.
Because so little energy is
required to cultivate crops such as switchgrass for cellulosic
ethanol production, and because electricity can be co-produced using the residues of such cellulosic
fuel production, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for celluslosic
ethanol when compared to gasoline are greater than 100 per cent.
They promote spending $ 22 billion just in federal money during FY - 2014 on climate change studies; costly solar projects of every description; wind turbines that blight scenic vistas and slaughter millions of birds and bats annually, while wind energy developers are exempted from endangered species and other environmental laws that apply to all other industries; and
ethanol programs that
require millions of acres of farmland and vast quantities of water, fertilizer, pesticides and fossil
fuel energy to produce a gasoline additive that reduces mileage, harms engines, drives up food prices... and increases CO2 emissions.
If the
ethanol mandate in the Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS) required more, then you're running into the ethanol «blend wall» — that is, to satisfy the RFS, refiners would have to blend fuel with higher ethanol content than millions of vehicles are designed to
Fuel Standard (RFS)
required more, then you're running into the
ethanol «blend wall» — that is, to satisfy the RFS, refiners would have to blend
fuel with higher ethanol content than millions of vehicles are designed to
fuel with higher
ethanol content than millions of vehicles are designed to use.
We've been talking about flaws in the RFS for some time, and the chorus of voices has grown because
requiring increasing volumes of
ethanol in the nation's
fuel supply could affect vehicle owners, consumers paying for
fuel and food, the environment and the global food supply.
NASCAR racing team owner Richard Childress has an op - ed in the Charlotte Observer this week in which he renders a full - throttle endorsement of E15 gasoline and the Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS), the federal program that requires more and more ethanol be blended into the nation's fuel sup
Fuel Standard (RFS), the federal program that
requires more and more
ethanol be blended into the nation's
fuel sup
fuel supply.
Bloomberg Businessweek explains more clearly than EPA does why the agency had to back - peddle so furiously: «The Environmental Protection Agency proposed
requiring less cellulosic
ethanol to be blended into gasoline next year than sought under U.S. law because production of the alternative
fuel hasn't reached commercial scale.»
Analysis of the total energy input to produce
ethanol from corn show that 29 % more fossil
fuel input energy is
require to produce one energy unit of
ethanol.
Requires the Administrator, upon notification from a state Governor that the statutory Reid vapor pressure limitation (RVPL) will increase emissions that contribute to air pollution in the state, to apply a substitute RVPL to
fuel blends containing gasoline and 10 % denatured anhydrous
ethanol that are introduced into commerce during the high ozone season.
In fact, over the entire life cycle of growing and harvesting crops, turning them into
fuel, transporting and using them in vehicles,
ethanol and biodiesel emit as much CO2 as petroleum — and
require infinitely more acreage.
The findings have significant implications for E.U. biofuels policy, which
requires biodiesel and
ethanol to offer emissions savings relative to conventional fossil
fuels.
BIOFUELS: • Sources say President Trump may allow exported
ethanol to count toward the biofuels quota
required under the Renewable
Fuel Standard, among other changes.
•
Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57 % more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel pr
Ethanol production using wood biomass
required 57 % more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel pr
ethanol fuel produced.
• Biodiesel production using soybean
required 27 % more fossil energy than the biodiesel
fuel produced (Note, the energy yield from soy oil per hectare is far lower than the
ethanol yield from corn).
•
Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50 % more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel pr
Ethanol production using switchgrass
required 50 % more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel pr
ethanol fuel produced.
We don't, as a rule, trouble about the carbon footprint of foodstuffs but isn't is obvious that corn produced as food is going to be more carbon - intensive than corn produced fro
fuel, if only because
ethanol when transported doesn't
require the same packaging and refrigeration as corn?
The Renewable
Fuels Standard (RFS) program
requires fuel suppliers to incorporate a minimum quantity of renewable, biomass - based
ethanol or biodiesel into gasoline supplies.
Nearly 40 % of the U.S. corn crop is devoted to
ethanol, and this
requires enormous amounts of irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides, and gasoline or diesel
fuel to grow, harvest, and ship the corn — and then to ship the
ethanol.
Unfortunately, the Environmental Protection Agency did just that last week, setting new quotas for 2012 that will
require the nation's refiners to add 8.65 million gallons of cellulosic
ethanol to America's
fuel supplies.
As the justices acknowledge, the Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS) will soon
require refiners to sell more
ethanol than can be blended as E10.
Arguing that «there is no doubt it should be repealed,» the Washington Post editorial board explains: «Blending more and more
ethanol into gasoline will
require spending money on infrastructure that is not yet in place and selling more
fuel that older and more specialized engines can not take.»
Fuel distributing companies - I'm talking about brand name gasoline and diesel - when approached by a potential supplier of
ethanol can simply
require provision of evidence of proper environmental permitting and of environmental management systems in place.
What we would like to see from Toyota and other car makers: More affordable very
fuel - efficient and low - emission hybrids, plug - in hybrids, all cars flex
fuel so that they can run on cellulosic
ethanol when it is available (the
fuel sensors
required for that are apparently only about $ 30 - no reason not to include them in all cars), diesel - hybrids with the latest emission technology (to run on biodiesel where available, of course) and, as soon as battery technology is ready, affordable electric - only vehicles.
Aimed at reducing U.S. reliance on foreign oil, the Renewable
Fuels Standard, or RFS, would
require 13.2 billion gallons of
ethanol to be made from corn this year.
When EPA green - lighted E15 use, it knew E15 vehicle testing was ongoing but decided not to wait for the results — most likely to raise the permissible concentration level of
ethanol in
fuels so that greater volumes could be used, as
required by the Renewable
Fuel Standard (RFS).