Sentences with phrase «gcr ionization»

Spatially resolved density and ionization measurements of shocked foams using x-ray fluorescence

Mapping the ionization state of laser - irradiated Ar gas jets with multiwavelength monochromatic x-ray imaging

and masses of material to exist to be in the big bang; masses comprised to atoms and neutrons and protrons and «laws» related to ions and ionization,... and life..

«Simplest» explanation does not mean simple in the sense that it is simpler to say, «God caused the thunderstorm» than it is to try to understand ionization and humidity and the like.

It's not that long ago that we didn't know anything about charges and ionization and therefore thought that it was a big god with a big hammer that was responsible for thunder and lightning.

Since then, the Steady State Theory has been disproven, and the Big Bang Theory has been shown to be correct, vindicating a form of «Creationism», which not only explains «let there be light» (the early universe was dominated by radiation — light), but explains of separation of light and darkness — the decoupling era, about 300,000 earth years after the big bang, when the universe cooled below the ionization energy of hydrogen, allowing it to become transparent for the first time.

One extremely effective technology for reducing odors is bipolar air ionization.

Identification of the Species of Origin for Meat Products by Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Rapid in - situ or in - packaging solutions may be supplemented with other rapid technologies such as rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry and desorption electrospray ionisation.58

Essentia is known for its unique ionization process which results in an alkaline water that is better at rehydrating.

A pioneer in the premium bottled water category, Essentia's proprietary ionization process removes bitter - tasting, acidic water ions to produce supercharged ionized alkaline water with a 9.5 or higher pH for a clean, smooth taste.

Deuterium enrichment profile of Golden Rice β - carotene analyzed by liquid chromatography / atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (positive ion mode).

The fractions containing retinol in the HPLC eluent were collected individually and derivatized for gas chromatography / electron capture negative chemical ionization — mass spectrometry (GC / ECNCI - MS)(21) to measure retinol enrichment from the reference vitamin A dose (Mretinol + 10 = m / z 278) or Golden Rice β - carotene (Mretinol + 5 = m / z 273) dose.

For Golden Rice β - carotene, analysis of serum samples by liquid chromatography / atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (23) showed that the labeled β - carotene was absorbed intact after consumption of the cooked Golden Rice.

With this labeling method, the intrinsically labeled Golden Rice β - carotene showed a protonated molecule of m / z of Mβc + H + = 536 + 1 (representing unlabeled β - carotene) and a range of isotopomers with the most abundant showing an enrichment of 9 deuterium at Menrich - βc = Mβc + H + + 9 mass units (Figure 4) as analyzed by using the liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry with a positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (the total m / z was Mβc + 9 + H + = 536 + 9 + 1 = m / z 546)(23).

Ionization creates ozone and ozone is very unhealthy for people with lung conditions like my daughter.

Negative ionization is known to be associated with several health benefits, such as protection from various illnesses and causing a positive change in one's mood.

Also, Amber is an electronegative substance, which means that it generates negative ionization.

BEST: Install two types of working smoke alarms in your home: ionization and photoelectric alarms.

Ionization alarms respond quickly to flaming fires and photoelectric detectors respond sooner to smoldering fires.

It is important to make sure that there are both ionization AND photoelectric smoke alarms in the house, or a dual - sensor smoke alarm which contains both.

The PlasmaWave ionization technology attacks pollutants at a molecular level and can even be effective against viruses, bacteria, and gasses in the air.

The Gideon Air Purifier uses a combination of air ionization and ultraviolet light to kill 98 % of airborne bacteria and viruses.

Zoltán Takáts, R. Graham Cooks, and colleagues at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, describe the new method, dubbed desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), in the 15 October issue of Science.

Experience the joy of clean air thanks to the ultraviolet and ionization technology that has become a hallmark of Gideon purifier products.

O - ion's B - 1000 uses powerful ionization technology to clean and sanitize the air in your home or office, making it a fantastic purifier for pet owners and anybody who wants to breathe fresh air.

That approach — known as electrospray ionization — ionizes large molecules by dissolving them in a solvent and using an intense electric field to pull tiny charged droplets of solution from the end of a needle.

The outcomes of a number of different chemical reactions, such as ionization vs. dissociation of diatomic sodium, have employed this method.

«I worked out how much scattering and straggling would occur, and realized that much of the ionization would be deposited in a volume at the end of a narrow beam not much larger than the eraser on a pencil — and with very little exposure of the skin at the point of entry,» Wilson recalled in a draft for a speech.

The metals are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals.

Whereas the photons used in conventional radiation therapy produced a kind of fog of small clumps of ionization, protons — 2,000 times heavier — left a dense and distinct line of ionization.

What caused the ionization is not known for certain but astronomers suspect light from the first stars is the culprit.

It would have to be a process that magnified the tiny effect of the atomic particle itself, as the condensation of droplets in supersaturated vapor magnifies the ionization produced by a particle in a cloud chamber.

«Ionization» refers to the removal of an electron from an atom; the «re» is there because the protons and neutrons were in an uncoupled state even earlier in the universe's history.

In fact, HERA should be able to see the ionization of the hydrogen gas caused by some of the individual galaxies in the early universe, Hewitt said.

The amount of ionization you see seems to depend on how far you are from being directly in the moon's shadow.

If the individual particles do not carry this amount of energy, it is essentially impossible for even a large flood of particles to cause ionization.

Previous experiments during eclipses have shown that the degree of ionization doesn't simply die down and then ramp back up again, as you might expect.

The method used to measure the neutral clusters utilizes a combination of a mass spectrometer and a chemical ionization source, which was developed by the University of Frankfurt and the University of Helsinki.

We also look for an ionization signal: If a dark matter particle rubs against a xenon atom, there will be electrons liberated and a charge produced.

They found that the two factors qualifying a material as a good catalyst are its hydrogen adsorption energy and the Lewis pair's hardness — a measurement of the difference between its ionization potential and electron affinity.

In the case of interaction of strong laser fields with atoms the dualism finds its analogue in the intuitive pictures used to explain ionization and excitation: The multiphoton picture and the tunneling picture.

However, here excitation has been observed even in an intensity regime which lies above the threshold for expected complete ionization.

This, in turn, means that the universe's diffuse background of ultraviolet radiation plays a smaller role in the ionization process.

Cosmic rays are so penetrating that there's always ionization in our chamber and we can not get to zero ionization.

It consists of electron transfer to the originally ionized Ne atom matched by energy transfer away from the Ne, which leads to ionization of the second Kr atom nearby.

I think it will be the first time that people are attempting an experiment where there is no ionization present.

But calculations of the amount of ionized hydrogen in intergalactic space depend on the ionization rate for the background radiation, and a lower ionization rate would mean less ionized hydrogen.

They found that just a few hundred fs after the initial ionization, the Ne atom that had absorbed the x-ray, as well as two neighboring Kr atoms, were all in an ionized, positively charged state.

Cosmic rays, such as iron and titanium atoms, heavily damage the cells they traverse because of their very high rates of ionization.