However, Obama's offer on emissions was for absolute emissions, not the «carbon intensity» measure linked to
GDP levels that China prefers.
Total debt to
GDP levels were at records.
Or, are they caused by Debt /
GDP levels being too high, such that asset values get pushed significantly above their market clearing levels, and incremental new debt is not capable of financing those asset prices anymore?
When total debt to
GDP levels get above 180 %, tighten, and make bank exams tougher.
The resulting present values of income gains can be compared directly to current state
GDP levels.
«Our committee has been focused on seeing the government return to pre-2009 / 10 debt - to -
GDP levels, not increasing taxes for businesses, and controlling spending,» said George Kondopulos, Tax Partner at KPMG LLP and volunteer Chair of The Vancouver Board of Trade's Government Budget and Finance Committee.
«If we're all so terribly concerned about China's debt to
GDP levels, why aren't we equally as concerned about the US?
A 25 basis point rate hike would see the global real
GDP level about 0.4 percentage points lower, with US real GDP falling by about 0.5 percentage points.
Report to CMHC warns steady climb of household debt - to -
GDP level puts Canada's economic growth prospects at risk
Canada benefits from a low debt - to -
GDP level and historically low borrowing rates.
The presentation contained a warning: the steady climb of the household debt - to -
GDP level had put Canada's long - term economic growth prospects at risk.
An accompanying chart in the CMHC presentation showed that between 2010 and 2016 Canada's household debt - to -
GDP level rose by more than five percentage points.
Say, for example, that while the total
GDP level does not grow, the GDP / capita will grow because of population declining.
BMO chief economist Doug Porter says he doesn't dispute the broader conclusion that a rising household debt - to -
GDP level poses risks for growth.
Not exact matches
But the general
level of prices can rise due to inflation, leading to an increase in nominal
GDP even if the volume of goods and services produced is unchanged.
GDP still isn't at the
level that most would like to see, but on Wednesday the Commerce Department did say that it performed better than expected in the second quarter at 1.7 %, up from 1.1 % in the previous quarter.
However, while overall debt
levels increased sharply last year, it was actually slower than the increase recorded in nominal
GDP, seeing the global debt - to -
GDP ratio fall to 318 %.
The world's «easy oil» has been depleted, Grantham argues, and current high inventory
levels will be used up sooner than the market expects — assuming reasonable global
GDP growth.
Yet on an aggregate
level, business fixed investment hasn't been pulling its weight, contributing 1.4 % to annual real
GDP growth in 2011, but only 0.5 % in 2012, according to a recent Bank of Canada report.
Credit Suisse is projecting 2.8 percent
GDP growth this year, and Golub pointed out that Institute for Supply Manufacturing readings are at a
level that would make a recession historically unlikely for at least the next 12 months.
In other words, would pushing the short - term interest rate down to 0 percent, from the current rate of 0.16 percent, propel the
GDP growth and inflation to such permanently higher
levels?
Beijing and the World Bank officially claim China's government debt remains very manageable, at less than 20 % of
GDP — far below
levels in the industrial world — but the truth is, local governments are piling on new debt at a staggering pace.
Japan's government has among the highest debt
levels in the world, with a debt - to - gross domestic product (
GDP) ratio of 220 percent.
That means that as gross domestic product (
GDP) has expanded, the gains have flowed to corporate and owners» profits and to the state, which is delighted to collect higher taxes at every
level of government, from property taxes to income taxes.
GDP growth has long been one of the main criteria used to judge officials» careers — as a result, the relevant data is warped at every
level, since the folk reporting it are the same ones benefitting from it being high.
Mean test scores in reading (Programme for International Student Assessment) Mean test scores in science (Programme for International Student Assessment) % of those aged 25 - 64 who have attained tertiary
level education Education expense, % of
GDP
The federal government has since regained control of its debt, and its debt - to -
GDP ratio is almost back to pre-crisis
levels.
But to further quantify women's impact on a local
level, the study's authors also broke down what female residents of each state contribute to
GDP per day.
«Our illustrative estimate of the long term impact of reduced net migration from the EU27 on UK
GDP per capita after Brexit is negative, but relatively small compared to many other uncertainties about average UK income
levels in 2030,» said Hawksworth.
If
GDP per capita could one day reach just Mexico's current
level, the economy would quintuple.
«We're in a very positive situation economically, with more Canadians working, with a strong
level of growth, and we'll continue to have an approach to fiscal conservatism that shows a declining debt - to -
GDP over time,» said Morneau.
Housing investment is close to peak
levels at more than 7 % of
GDP — about the measure reached in both the late 1970s and late 1980s, Athanassakos says.
The result of Canada's low
level of productivity is, among other things, a relative weakness in
GDP per capita, as compared with other members of the G7 and OECD.
GDP growth slowed to 7.7 % in 2013, the lowest
level in 14 years.
However, the state's 6.0 % unemployment rate was the ninth highest among the states and DC, and the 2014
GDP per capita of $ 38,743 was well below the national
level of $ 54,299.
As the latest Annual Report from the Bank of International Settlements states: «In most advanced economies, the fiscal budget excluding interest payments would need 20 consecutive years of surpluses exceeding 2 % of
GDP just to bring the debt - to -
GDP ratio back to its pre-crisis
level.»
«We had already adjusted defense spending as a share of
GDP upwards to historic
levels,» says lead author Sarah Carlson, a Moody's SVP, who adds that Moody's hasn't yet run the numbers on the non-defense cuts.
In 1999, Warren Buffett wrote an influential article for Fortune arguing that corporate profits as a share of
GDP tend to go far higher after periods where they're depressed — and drop sharply after they've been hovering at historically high
levels.
If current laws remained generally unchanged, the United States would face steadily increasing federal budget deficits and debt over the next 30 years — reaching the highest
level of debt relative to
GDP ever experienced in this country.
These changes increased the
level of nominal
GDP by about $ 35 billion in 2011.
These cuts would be implemented rapidly, with spending in 2019 falling to 17.6 percent of
GDP, about 17 percent below baseline
levels.
In that case, high
GDP growth
levels simply disguise the seeming collapse of underlying economic growth in a way that has happened many times before — always in the late stages of similar apparent investment - driven growth miracles.
While price
level or nominal
GDP targeting by monetary authorities are options, fiscal and other policies must also take on some of the burden to help sustain economic growth and stability.
They have now reached
levels equivalent to 20 or 30 per cent of
GDP.
As a result, compared to the March 2012 Budget planning assumption, the
level of nominal
GDP is $ 9 billion lower in 2012 — this consists of a «risk adjustment factor» of $ 7 billion and the difference between the change in the private sector average forecast of $ 22 billion less the March 2012 Budget «risk adjustment factor» of $ 20 billion.
Today's economy might be far weaker than it is — with real
GDP in the second quarter of 2015 about $ 800 billion lower than its actual
level, 3.6 million fewer jobs, and unemployment at a still - dizzying 7.6 %.
It seems likely, too, that however convenient it is analytically to separate trend from fluctuations, there will be a link between the cycle and either the
level of
GDP or its trend growth rate.
The OECD has recently lowered its nominal
GDP forecast for Canada, which is now below the risk adjusted
level used in the November 2012 Update.
Nonetheless, Canada came in third place for the number of researchers in our LinkedIn and conference presenter searches, making it a viable competitor to the U.S., with 1,154 high -
level profiles, which is high given Canada's small population and
GDP.
Moderate interest rates were associated with a whole range of subsequent returns over the following decade, and we know that those outcomes were 90 % correlated with the
level of valuations at the beginning of those periods (on reliable measures such as market cap /
GDP, price / revenue, Tobin's Q, the margin - adjusted Shiller P / E, and others we've presented over time - see Ockham's Razor and the Market Cycle).