Data from 22,000 children
involved in this study of the kindergarten class of 1998 — 99 show that, after controlling for family income, children who attended more academically oriented preschools had significantly higher scores in reading,
math, and
general knowledge when tested in the fall of their kindergarten year than children in preschool settings without academic content.
Academic self - concept consists of three main domains: mathematic academic self - concept, verbal academic self - concept, and
general academic self - concept (Marsh, 1990; Muijs, 1997), which
involve a wide variety of different specific academic facets (e.g.,
math, biology, physical and economic sciences for
math self - concept; writing / reading, text comprehension, foreign languages, history, and geography for verbal self - concept).