Sentences with phrase «global electric circuit»
Global electric circuit: Tinsley (1996); Tinsley (2000).
https://history.aip.org/
A second pathway linking GCR to cloudiness has been proposed through the global electric circuit (GEC).
Although some positive evidence exists in ground - based studies, these are all from highly localized data and are suggested to operate via global electric circuit based mechanisms: the effects of which may depend on numerous factors and vary greatly from one location to the next.
This may operate in the following manner: reductions in the CR flux increase atmospheric resistance to the vertical current flow of the global electric circuit, which in turn reduces the amount of space charge accumulating at cloud boundaries.
Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).
«Influence of Solar Wind on the Global Electric Circuit, and Inferred Effects on Cloud Microphysics, Temperature, and Dynamics in the Troposphere.»
«Solar Wind Modulation of the Global Electric Circuit and Apparent Effects on Cloud Microphysics, Latent Heat Release, and Tropospheric Dynamics.»
See section 5a) Modulation of the global circuit in this review paper, by solar wind burst and the process electroscavenging where by increases in the global electric circuit remove cloud forming ions.