Global ocean surface temperatures are the warmest since records began.
But the fact remains that they are distinct, showing that rising
global ocean surface temperatures directly influence UK winter rainfall.
Ocean Only:
The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only 1998.
The January global land surface temperature was also second highest on record, while
the global ocean surface temperature was third highest.
The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.34 °C (0.61 °F) above the 20th century average and was the 14th warmest such period on record.
The global ocean surface temperature for the same period was 0.33 °C (0.59 °F) above the 20th century average and was the 15th warmest such period on record.
So, perhaps, it should be no surprise that in a June 2015 article in Science magazine, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) authors attempted to eliminate the pause in warming by ignoring their own satellite data and introducing new
global ocean surface temperature sets whose readings are taken from buoys and engine - intakes on vessels.
Across the oceans, the average
global ocean surface temperature during November 2017 was 0.62 °C (1.12 °F) above the 20th century average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F)-- the fourth highest November temperature in the 138 - year record.
Not exact matches
Evidence from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shows that
global sea levels in the last two decades are rising dramatically as
surface temperatures warm
oceans and...
The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of
global air circulation patterns and differences in
surface temperatures between land and
oceans.
The other
global flu pandemics over the past century — in 1957, 1968 and 2009 — also followed cooler sea
surface temperatures in the Pacific
Ocean.
Land and
Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
Ocean Combined: The combined average
temperature over
global land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).
The
global average
temperature over land and
ocean surfaces for January to October 2014 was the highest on record, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
NOAA said the combined
global land and
ocean average
surface temperature for the January - October period was 0.68 °C (1.22 °F) above the 20th century average of 14.1 °C (57.4 °F).
Ocean Only: The August
global sea
surface temperature was 1.17 °F (0.65 °C) above the 20th century average of 61.4 °F (16.4 °C), the highest on record for August.
Ocean Only: The June - August
global sea
surface temperature was 1.13 °F (0.63 °C), above the 20th century average of 61.5 °F (16.4 °C), the highest for June - August on record.
The area boasts the world's warmest
ocean temperatures and vents massive volumes of warm gases from the
surface high into the atmosphere, which may shape
global climate and air chemistry enough to impact billions of people worldwide.
These discoveries were made possible by the enhancement of a
global network to monitor sea -
surface temperatures, under the auspices of TOGA and another large international study, the World
Ocean Circulation Experiment.
«The mounting evidence is coalescing around the idea that decades of stronger trade winds coincide with decades of stalls or even slight cooling of
global surface temperatures, as heat is apparently transferred from the atmosphere into the upper
ocean,» Linsley said.
Winds over the Atlantic
Ocean also appear to modulate
global surface temperatures, albeit to a lesser extent than those over the Pacific
Ocean.
With records dating back to 1880, the
global temperature across the world's land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) higher than the 20th century average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).
With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June
global temperature across land and
ocean surfaces tied with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century average.
Surface temperature is only a small fraction of our climate with most of
global warming going into the
oceans.
The
surface ocean temperature is a large component of the total
global temperature.
The reason could be linked to rising sea
surface temperatures — fueled in part by
global warming — as seen in
ocean buoy data collected along the U.S. coast.
More than 90 % of
global warming heat goes into warming the
oceans, while less than 3 % goes into increasing the atmospheric and
surface air
temperature.
Global mean
temperatures averaged over land and
ocean surfaces, from three different estimates, each of which has been independently adjusted for various homogeneity issues, are consistent within uncertainty estimates over the period 1901 to 2005 and show similar rates of increase in recent decades.
While centennial increases in
ocean surface temperatures have been extensively reported35, 36,
global trends in
ocean temperature extremes remain largely unexplored.
The
oceans are heating up: Not only was Earth's
temperature record warm in 2014, but so were the
global oceans, as sea
surface temperatures and the heat of the upper
oceans also hit record highs.
Figure 2:
Global land and
ocean surface temperature from GISS (red) and the Hadley Centre / Climatic Research Unit (blue) up to 2006.
To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of
ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical
ocean layer) with the
global surface air
temperature trend of each period.
These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in
global average
temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the
oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in
surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).
With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average
global temperature across land and
ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).
A typical oceanographic mooring, like one deployed in the northwest Atlantic
Ocean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the moo
Ocean by the
Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the moo
Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven
temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records
surface ocean current patterns around the moo
ocean current patterns around the mooring.
Not surprisingly, given that the
surface ocean is responsible for much of atmospheric warming,
ocean warming and
global surface air
temperatures vary largely in phase with one another.
The former is likely to overestimate the true
global surface air
temperature trend (since the
oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air
temperature over the
ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate than the
ocean temperature.
(1) The warm sea
surface temperatures are not just some short - term anomaly but are part of a long - term observed warming trend, in which
ocean temperatures off the US east coast are warming faster than
global average
temperatures.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00148.1
Global satellite observations show the sea
surface temperature (SST) increasing since the 1970s in all
ocean basins, while the net air — sea heat flux Q decreases.
For the
oceans, the November
global sea
surface temperature was 0.84 °C (1.51 °F) above the 20th century average of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the highest for November on record, surpassing the previous record set last year by 0.20 °C (0.36 °F).
The June globally averaged sea
surface temperature was 1.39 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for June in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.05 °F.
However, comparison of the
global, annual mean time series of near -
surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive
Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.
The year - to - date
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.89 °F above the 20th century average of 56.3 °F.
The May globally averaged sea
surface temperature was 1.37 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.3 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for May in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.09 °F.
The June — August average
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.60 °F above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F.
The August
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.66 °F above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F.
Similar to the March — May
global land and
ocean surface temperature, the March — May land
surface temperature was also the fourth highest three - month departure from average for any three - month period on record.
The April
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.98 °F above the 20th century average of 56.7 °F.
The April globally averaged sea
surface temperature was 1.44 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 60.9 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for April in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.25 °F and besting 1998, the last time a similar strength El Niño occurred, by 0.43 °F.
The July globally averaged sea
surface temperature was 1.42 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.5 °F — the highest
global ocean temperature for July in the 1880 — 2016 record, surpassing the previous record set in 2015 by 0.07 °F.
The July
temperature across
global land and
ocean surfaces was 1.57 °F above the 20th century average of 60.4 °F.