A few years ago the New England fishing fleets were in despair because the fish were nowhere to be found; a biologist, who had been making a laboratory study of the temperature of fishes» stomachs, combined his data with
some ocean temperature data and correctly suggested where the missing creatures might be found.
And some California surfers are becoming citizen scientists, thanks to «smartfins,» surfboard - mounted sensors that collect coastal
ocean temperature data.
The quarrel began with a paper by NOAA scientists published 5 June in Science that revised historical atmosphere and
ocean temperature data records found to have been poorly calibrated.
When I reviewed
the ocean temperature data sets back in 2003 through 2005 that appeared to have been data taken in the N. Atlantic above the 30th parallel, with an indication of cooling in the 2300 to 1700 meter range.
In fact, «Atlantic
Ocean temperature data shows that this is just the latest manifestation of a long - running hurricane cycle that dates back to at least 1870,» said Landsea.»
, and in
ocean temperature data (see section 9.5.1).
For example, the sea ice data and
ocean temperature data are looking more and more convincing with time.
To what extent did internal discussions occur regarding some of the more questionable choices made in adjusting
the ocean temperature data?
Near - global
ocean temperature data sets made available in recent years allow a direct calculation of thermal expansion.
Was the release of the land and
ocean temperature data sets, which were documented in papers previously published, delayed to follow Karl's June press release?
Leif, Is NASA changing
the ocean temperature data as well????????????????? http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OceanCooling/ http://heliogenic.blogspot.com/2008/11/cloud-cover-albedo-and-temperature.html
However,
the ocean temperature data are not that good.
Shaviv has one chart in his paper that show «Maximum annual depth (in meters) of the mixed layer based on
the ocean temperature data set of Levitus and Boyer.»
These are arguably the only
ocean temperature data that exist, which are worth anything; they are based on a very expensive and comprehensive system that was only put into place in 2003 — why should these data be «corrected or excluded»?]
The consistency between these two data sets gives confidence in
the ocean temperature data set used for estimating depth - integrated heat content, and supports the trends in SST reported in Chapter 3.
Because of that
the ocean temperature data, sparse as it may be is the more reliable and most easily compared to paleo.
Other data sources were investigated, including the new Berkeley land -
ocean temperature data, the MERRA weather model reanalysis, and satellite radiometer datasets from AIRS and AVHRR.
You seem to be leaving out
the ocean temperature data, as additional evidence for global warming independent of the urban heating effect: http://www.john-daly.com/mobydick/oceans.htm
Of course land and
ocean temperature data tell a different story.
And
ocean temperature data can't be used instead since this is not available for the Arctic Ocean.
As to «modern
ocean temperature data», this 2012 study again reaches quite different conclusions than you suggest:
The Schmittner and Annan studies used
ocean temperature data from the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean (MARGO) project, about which Richard Alley noted:
that they looked at
ocean temperature data and the growth of two of the most toxic algae in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.
In the past, as PopSci previously reported, most
ocean temperature data was taken by ships which pulled water into their engine rooms — rooms warmer than the ocean outside, making ocean temperature recordings slightly higher.
For example in the technical summary, it says:» The global combined land and
ocean temperature data show an increase of about 0.8 °C over the period 1901 — 2010 and about 0.5 °C over the period 1979 — 2010.
This indicates to me that the rate of energy being added to the oceans has not increased over a longer time period and that there is thus a discrepancy between land and
ocean temperature data.
Did NCDC «homogenize»
the ocean temperature data to account for the different methods used in measuring temperature?
For
ocean temperature data go here: http://icoads.noaa.gov/
Meanwhile a minor but well - publicized revision of
ocean temperature data by Karl et al. (2015) removed any statistical sign of a hiatus in one of the surface temperature series (NOAA's), prompting accusations of fraud from climate change deniers.
Berkeley Earth combines our land data with a modified version of the HadSST
ocean temperature data set.
Contributions of subsurface
ocean temperature data have come from all countries that make oceanographic measurements.
Ocean temperature data for the same period, illustrated below, has strong warming along the entire West Coast of the United States.
Not exact matches
And in many, many cases — such as with
ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, or ice shelf traveling speeds — scientists have recorded the
data for decades, systematically, consistently, and with precision.
Saildrone's fleet of sailboats — which are outfitted with dozens of sensors, measurement tools, and cameras — can capture
data on fish and wildlife populations, environmental health,
ocean temperatures, weather, and climate change.
Saildrone offers government researchers and private companies more easily accessible
data on fish and wildlife populations, environmental health,
ocean temperatures, weather, and climate change.
It comes down to what every scientist knows too well — analyzing
data collected by different methods, and at different times, is a tricky business because some methods of collecting
ocean surface
temperatures are more accurate than others.
Paleoclimate
data point to a warm tropical
ocean with a clear east - west
temperature gradient during the warm climates of the Pliocene and Miocene.
The researchers studied
temperature measurements over the last 150 years, ice core
data from Greenland from the interglacial period 12,000 years ago, for the ice age 120,000 years ago, ice core
data from Antarctica, which goes back 800,000 years, as well as
data from
ocean sediment cores going back 5 million years.
In addition to
temperature, wind, and solar radiation
data, the Pacific saildrones are measuring how the
ocean and air exchange gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen, and they are using Doppler instruments to gauge currents coursing up to 100 meters below the surface.
One of the subtle changes visible in the new
data - set is how the Amazon's greenness corresponds to one of the long - known causes of rainfall or drought to the Amazon basin: changes in sea surface
temperatures in the eastern Pacific
Ocean, called the El Nino Southern Oscillation.
«The
data showed that both greenhouse gases and sea surface
temperature anomalies contributed strongly to the risk of snow drought in Oregon and Washington,» said Mote, a professor in OSU's College of Earth,
Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences.
These
temperature values are consistent at various water depths, and match
data from a 2003 - 09 study in adjacent Nares Strait, which connects to both the Arctic and Atlantic
Oceans.
Doug Smith at the UK Met Office fed key
data such as
ocean temperatures, air pressure and wind speeds for every year from 1960 to 1995 into DePreSys, a model already used to predict weather a decade ahead.
Researchers marshaled
ocean temperature and salinity
data to broadly map the deep water's path (see map, below left).
The scientists, led by Eric Oliver of Dalhousie University in Canada, investigated long - term heat wave trends using a combination of satellite
data collected since the 1980s and direct
ocean temperature measurements collected throughout the 21st century to construct a nearly 100 - year record of marine heat wave frequency and duration around the world.
The other
ocean temperature study, also published Sunday in Climate Nature Change, used Argo and other
data to tentatively conclude that all of the
ocean warming from 2005 to 2013 had occurred above depths of 6,500 feet.
Tamsin Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in the UK, says it is too early to tell, since changes in the PDO can only be detected through statistical analysis of large amounts of
data on
ocean surface
temperatures.
Analyzing
data collected over a 20 - month period, scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the number of cirrus clouds above the Pacific
Ocean declines with warmer sea surface
temperatures.
Goddard's computer models, with input from
ocean buoys, atmospheric models, satellite
data and other sources, can also simulate what
ocean water
temperatures could do in the coming months.
The project, called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the
Ocean (ECCO), uses observational data — including ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December
Ocean (ECCO), uses observational
data — including
ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December
ocean surface topography, surface wind stress,
temperature, salinity profiles and velocity
data — collected between June 2005 and December 2007.