First, 102 adolescent suicide attempters between 13 and 18 years of age completed the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI) and
the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC).
The action model is introduced in session one, with the director / facilitator, introducing the Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck
Hopelessness Scale (BHS)(Beck, 1988; Beck & Steer, 1993; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), and explains the importance of completing each scale on a weekly basis.
Measures utilized include the UCLA PTSD Checklist, the Parent Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms, the Children's Perceived Self - Control Scale,
the Hopelessness Scale, Multidimensional Social Support Scale, the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, the Security Scale, the Working Alliance Inventory, and Connors Parent Rating Scale.
Individuals were selected for group treatment based on... the presence of PTSD symptoms as measured by The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, an external locus of control determined by the Internal and External Locus of Control Scale, low self - esteem as per the Self - Efficacy Scale, and hopelessness, as assessed through
the Hopelessness Scale.
Note: ATQ, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire; CAS, Child Assessment Schedule; CCL - D, Cognitions Checklist Depression Subscale; CHS, Children's
Hopelessness Scale; CMFQ, Children's Medical Fears Questionnaire; FDI, Functional Disability Inventory; GASC, General Anxiety Scale for Children; HAM - D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scales; HARS - R, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - Revised; IAQ, Information Acquisition Questionnaire; PILL, Pennebaker Inventory for Limbic Languidness; SCAS, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale; STAI, State - Trait Anxiety Inventory; TASC, Test Anxiety Scale for Children.
The primary outcome measures were changes on the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire,
the Hopelessness Scale, and the Family Assessment Device.
Not exact matches
Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of
hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37
Adolescents at high risk for addiction (n = 1210) were defined as students with baseline scores 1 SD above the school mean on one of the four subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile
Scale (anxiety sensitivity,
hopelessness, impulsivity and sensation seeking); low - risk adolescents (n = 1433) did not meet these criteria.
«Mastery» [23], in one of its Swedish versions, is a nine - item
scale measuring feelings of self - efficacy or
hopelessness, defined as the extent to which one regards one's life chances as being under personal control.
In addition, patients also completed the BDI, Internal State
Scale (ISS), 25 and Beck
Hopelessness Scale26 (BHS) at recruitment and at monthly intervals to monitor fluctuations of mood.
The Depression
scale provides a measure of current situational negative affect including dysphoria,
hopelessness, devaluation of life, and self - deprecation.
Suicidality was assessed with 3 items (
hopelessness, thoughts of death, and thoughts of suicide) from the SCL - 20.27 Physical symptom severity was assessed with the PHQ - 15, a 15 - item
scale scored from 0 to 30.28 Health - related quality of life was assessed on the Short Form - 12 (SF - 12) subscales measuring physical health and mental health — related functioning.29 Subscales are normed for the general population so that mean and standard deviation are approximately 50 and 10, respectively.30 Pain intensity and interference were assessed with the Adapted Numeric Rating Scale for Pain31; each item is rated on a 0 - to - 10 Likert s
scale scored from 0 to 30.28 Health - related quality of life was assessed on the Short Form - 12 (SF - 12) subscales measuring physical health and mental health — related functioning.29 Subscales are normed for the general population so that mean and standard deviation are approximately 50 and 10, respectively.30 Pain intensity and interference were assessed with the Adapted Numeric Rating
Scale for Pain31; each item is rated on a 0 - to - 10 Likert s
Scale for Pain31; each item is rated on a 0 - to - 10 Likert
scalescale.
The Hare Self - Esteem
Scale correlates well with other self - esteem measures and the subscales demonstrate predicted relationships with other concepts such as
hopelessness, peer relations and academic achievement.
Participants will be included if they meet the following criteria: (1) at high risk for development of a mental illness based on elevated levels of personality risk factors, including
hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity and sensation seeking (as measured by the Substance Use Risk Profile
Scale (SURPS), described below); (2) ability to access the internet via a computer; (3) residing within Australia; and (4) willingness to provide contact details.