you find the latest updated figures comparing both HadCRUT3 and HadCRUT4 global surface temperature records and
the IPCC model projections.
Although the ISPM correctly notes that trends in the southern hemisphere are lower than those found in the northern hemisphere, it fails to note that this difference is in accord with
IPCC model projections, due to smaller extent of continental land mass in the south.
The IPCC model projections of future warming based on the varios SRES and human emissions only (both GHG warming and aerosol cooling, but no natural influences) are shown in Figure 6.
Using essentially the same
IPCC model projections, the two studies come to very different conclusions with regard to key projected quantities, such as the seasonally - integrated powerfulness of TCs or «power dissipation index» (PDI).
Not exact matches
Two important advances since the last
IPCC assessment have increased confidence in the use of
models for both attribution and
projection of climate changes.
While this underestimate does not call into question the response of climate to carbon dioxide concentration in the
IPCC models, the researchers say, it does suggest that a better understanding of what happened during the last 50 years could improve
projections of future ecosystem changes.
They brought up that they are skeptical of the
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports and of any
model projections of climate change.
In summary the
projections of the
IPCC — Met office
models and all the impact studies (especially the Stern report) which derive from them are based on specifically structurally flawed and inherently useless
models.They deserve no place in any serious discussion of future climate trends and represent an enormous waste of time and money.As a basis for public policy their forecasts are grossly in error and therefore worse than useless.For further discussion and an estimate of the coming cooling see http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com
On the limited information available to me, they seem quite promising — but it certainly would have been helpful in making judgments on this point if the
IPCC had
modelled a low - medium population
projection (as in the A1 and B1 scenarios) which made more moderate assumptions about growth in output and energy use.
The
projections are based on climate
models from the
IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report.
You speak of heat going into the oceans, but didn't the last
IPCC report show
model projections of ocean heat content vs observations, and there was no extra heat in the oceans?
It is not all that earthshaking that the numbers in Schmittner et al come in a little low: the 2.3 ºC is well within previously accepted uncertainty, and three of the
IPCC AR4
models used for future
projections have a climate sensitivity of 2.3 ºC or lower, so that the range of
IPCC projections already encompasses this possibility.
p.s. To compare to Vahrenholt's forecast, here's a comparison of earlier
model projections of global temperature for the
IPCC (prediction with the CMIP3
model ensemble used in the 4th
IPCC assessment report, published in 2007) with the actual changes in temperature (the four colored curves).
None of the large scale
models used for the
IPCC projections have been calibrated on the last millennium — because of uncertainty in the temperatures and uncertainties in the forcings.
On the limited information available to me, they seem quite promising — but it certainly would have been helpful in making judgments on this point if the
IPCC had
modelled a low - medium population
projection (as in the A1 and B1 scenarios) which made more moderate assumptions about growth in output and energy use.
You speak of heat going into the oceans, but didn't the last
IPCC report show
model projections of ocean heat content vs observations, and there was no extra heat in the oceans?
What adjustments are needed to correct for errors in Antarctic
modeling and how will that change the current
projections from those in the
IPCC 4th Report?
This is in contrast to fully - coupled
models, such as those used in the
IPCC projections, which make their own version of the weather and can only be expected to approximate the mean and general patterns of variability and the long - term trajectory of the sea ice evolution.
Well, because soon (as soon as December 2005) the leading authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (aka
IPCC) Assessment Report # 4 (AR4) will have to decide what the current knowledge in climate state,
modeling and climate
projection estimates is, so as to include it in the next report.
Figure 5 Comparison of the three measured data sets shown at the outset with earlier
IPCC projections from the first (FAR), 2nd (SAR) 3rd (TAR) and 4th (AR4)
IPCC report, as well as with the CMIP3
model ensemble.
That said, the CGCM 21st century
projections (
IPCC scenario runs) typically used in policy discussions do not include a coupled carbon cycle
model, though many people seem to think that they do.
The answer is that if Lord Monckton had used the time - series
model output, he would have had to admit that the
IPCC temperature
projections are still right in the ballpark.
What bothers me about people who rebut
IPCC projections /
models / forecasts / educated guesses (pick one, depending on your own personal ideology...) is that they do not provide charts / graphs /
projections from their own pet theories.
In the 20 or so AOGCM
models used by
IPCC, for simulation of XXth and
projection on XXIth centuries, do you know how many use some varying value for solar radiative forcing and how many consider it as constant (or ignore it as insignificant)?
And, the
IPCC projection is probably too high because it was driven by a collection of climate
models which new science indicates produce too much warming given a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
Also referred to as synthetic scenarios (
IPCC, 1994), they are commonly applied to study the sensitivity of an exposure unit to a wide range of variations in climate, often according to a qualitative interpretation of
projections of future regional climate from climate
model simulations (guided sensitivity analysis, see
IPCC - TGCIA, 1999).
Since all of the
IPCC's
models «project» the «likelihood» of a steady warming over this period, all of them must be wrong, and we can expect similar failures for all the other «
projections».»
However, to make this claim, Easterbrook had to distort the
IPCC's actual
model projections, claiming:
In summary the temperature
projections of the
IPCC — Met office
models and all the impact studies which derive from them have no solid foundation in empirical science being derived from inherently useless and specifically structurally flawed
models.
Figure 6: Easterbrook's two global temperature
projections A (green) and B (blue) vs. the
IPCC TAR simple
model projection tuned to seven global climate
models for emissions scenario A2 (the closest scenario to reality thus far)(red) and observed global surface temperature change (the average of NASA GISS, NOAA, and HadCRUT4)(black) over the period 2000 through 2011.
It provides additional climate information that was not available during the previous regional assessment in 2007 and draws heavily on the PCIC province - wide analysis, Climate Overview 2007 as well as climate
model projections prepared for the
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.
Rignot: The
IPCC Report is a consensus and the
projections are defined by numerical
models.
Thus Figure 1 depicts the
IPCC TAR Scenario A2 temperature
projection based on a simple climate
model which was tuned to the seven Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation
Models (AOCGMs).
However, these biases do not matter so much that they would seriously undermine the
model projections over the next century or so (see discussion around Fig. 9.42 a In Ch9 of Working Group I in the 5th
IPCC Report; and discussion around Fig. 2 and Appendix B in Hawkins and Sutton, 2016).
The mean high temperature
projections for 2050 and 2100 were derived from a suite of 28 climate
models (CMIP5 / Oak Ridge National Laboratory) under
IPCC emissions scenario RCP8.5, averaged over November 22 - 28 for 2030 - 2049 and 2080 - 2099, respectively.»
Jenouvrier, S., et al., (2009) Demographic
models and
IPCC climate
projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population.
Demographic
models and
IPCC climate
projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population.
Not only had the Economist not bothered to make clear the timescale involved, it failed to tell readers that the
IPCC's opinion isn't based on hard, verifiable science but on
model projections.
Figure 7:
IPCC TAR
model projection for emissions Scenario A2 (blue) vs. observed surface temperature changes (average of NASA GISS, NOAA NCDC, and HadCRUT4; red) for 1990 through 2012.
I say astoundingly because the
IPCC projections were based on computer
models that were fed by erroneous data supplied by these «scientists».
«
IPCC AR5 draft leaked, contains game - changing admission of enhanced solar forcing — as well as a lack of warming to match
model projections, and reversal on «extreme weather»,» Watts Up With That, December 13, 2012.
Differences between high and low
projections in climate
models used by the
IPCC stem mainly from uncertainties over feedback mechanisms - for example, how the carbon cycle and clouds will react to future warming.
The lowest - resolution
model, LOAR, was designed to have a resolution similar to that of many
models used for climate change
projections in the latest
IPCC report: 125 × 125 miles.
Rahmstorf, Foster, and Cazenave (2012) compares the historical sea level tide gauge data from Church and White (2011) and recent satellite altimetry sea level data (orange and red in Figure 4, respectively) to the 2001 and 2007
IPCC report
model projections (blue and green in Figure 4, respectively).
Contribution from working group I to the fifth assessment report by
IPCC TS.5.4.1 Projected Near - term Changes in Climate
Projections of near - term climate show small sensitivity to Green House Gas scenarios compared to
model spread, but substantial sensitivity to uncertainties in aerosol emissions, especially on regional scales and for hydrological cycle variables.
If you reject their future
projection in favour of the
IPCC one (which doesn't fit that relational
model), that necessarily implies different parameters and an entirely different reconstruction of past sea level.
People who've been following the debate about global warming closely will be aware that the economic
modelling used in
projections of future climate change by the
IPCC has been severely criticised by former Australian Statistician Ian Castles and former OECD chief economist David Henderson.
The
IPCC's Fourth Assessment says, «As global average temperature increase exceeds about 3.5 °C [relative to 1980 to 1999],
model projections suggest significant extinctions (40 - 70 % of species assessed) around the globe.»
And the longer this «pause» in warming continues while GHG emissions continue unabated, the more «uncertain» become the
model - based attribution estimates of
IPCC and, hence, the
projections for the future.
The attempt to distinguish between the terms «
projection» and «prediction», whether by the
IPCC or others, has introduced an unnecessary confusion to the impacts and policy communities regarding the skill of regional and local multi-decadal climate
model runs.