Sentences with phrase «ice distribution in»

Xiao, X., Fahl, K., Müller, J. & Stein, R. Sea - ice distribution in the modern Arctic Ocean: biomarker records from Trans - Arctic Ocean surface sediments.

Statistics and characteristics of permafrost and ground ice distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.

Massom, R., et al. (2009) Fast ice distribution in Adelie land, east Antarctica: interannual variability and implications for Emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri.

Not exact matches

Too much icing and its too rich for me, not the right distribution of ingredients in a vegan cake and the texture can be too wet or too dry..

«Our assorted twin pops are the No. 1 water ice item in sales per point of distribution nationwide.

Pakravan says a major distribution player recently consolidated, making Arya Ice Cream the third - largest distributor in California that deals mainly with ice creIce Cream the third - largest distributor in California that deals mainly with ice creice cream.

The company also has distribution facilities in Tampa and Palm Bay, Fla. «We distribute a «World of Flavors,»» said Vince DeConna, now president of DeConna Ice Cream, said in a statement.

Either way, ambient distribution might just be the biggest disruption in the ice - cream market for a generation.

This means producers can tap into the $ 72bn1 global ice cream market without the need for additional investment in production equipment and chilled distribution system.

The all - sky infrared survey should also map out the history of light production by galaxies and — closer to home — the distribution of ices in embryonic planetary systems.

So if you think of going in [a] warming direction of 2 degrees C compared to a cooling direction of 5 degrees C, one can say that we might be changing the Earth, you know, like 40 percent of the kind of change that went on between the Ice Age; and now are going back in time and so a 2 - degree change, which is about 4 degrees F on a global average, is going to be very significant in terms of change in the distribution of vegetation, change in the kind of climate zones in certain areas, wind patterns can change, so where rainfall happens is going to shift.

Volk: From what it is today, and yet it was massively different with ice sheets where you and I are talking right now; in New York City would have been covered with an ice sheet that was taller than the Empire State Building, that would have been right here, you know, over 20,000 years ago, and the distribution of trees and all kinds of organisms, these distributions were very different from what they are today.

For example, the ice ages during the last several million years — and the warmer periods in between — appear to have been triggered by no more than a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of the solar energy absorbed by the Earth, not by a change in output from the sun.

This drift is due to the changes in the distribution of Earth's mass as the crust slowly rebounds after the end of the last ice age.

For starters, the orbiter beamed back incredibly detailed stereo photos of the surface, measured the ozone distribution in the planet's atmosphere, and confirmed the presence of water ice at the south pole.

El Niño causes higher sea level pressure, warmer air temperature and warmer sea surface temperature in west Antarctica that affect sea ice distribution.

The TES will also investigate seasonal changes in the polar ice caps and the distribution of dust and clouds in the atmosphere.

The latitudinal distribution of Charon's polar reddening suggests a thermally controlled production process, and the existence of highly localized patches rich in NH3 ice on its surface implies relatively recent emplacement.

The study, published this month in the journal Diversity and Distributions, is one of the first to consider the indirect effects of sea ice loss on Arctic species that dwell near the ice, but don't necessarily depend on it for survival.

The lack of many kinds of data — high - resolution topography and bathymetry along the coasts; measurements of ice cover and thickness; distributions in space and time of the region's fish, birds, and marine mammals — is another.

I will present new numerical models that treat dust coagulation / fragmentation, dust dynamics, simple gas - grain chemistry, and vapor diffusion simultaneously, and explore the connection between the water vapor in the disk atmosphere and the size - distribution and ice - to - rock ratios of the dust grains growing in the midplane.

Few studies have described the distribution and behaviour of krill in the coastal waters of the Antarctic Peninsula in autumn [3], [4], when adult krill are believed to migrate inshore to overwinter under the shelter of sea ice [5], [6].

«The authors show that phytoplankton plays a role in the vertical distribution of solar energy reaching the Arctic Ocean,» Mar Fernández - Méndez, a sea - ice biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, in Bremen, Germany, said.

Bitz, C.M., M.M., Holland, A.J. Weaver, and M. Eby, 2001: Simulating the ice - thickness distribution in a coupled climate model.

First, we expect the ice thickness distribution in April 30 from redistribution (divergence / convergence) of sea ice during December and April, based on the daily ice velocity data.

Ice Age paleontologist Prof. Dr. Ralf - Dietrich Kahlke of the Senckenberg Research Station for Quaternary Paleontology in Weimar recorded the maximum geographic distribution of the woolly mammoth during the last Ice Age and published the most accurate global map in this regard.

We call this the Charney climate sensitivity, because it is essentially the case considered by Charney (1979), in which water vapor, clouds and sea ice were allowed to change in response to climate change, but GHG (greenhouse gas) amounts, ice sheet area, sea level and vegetation distributions were taken as specified boundary conditions.

Using its three main science instruments, Odyssey has mapped the global distribution of many minerals and chemical elements across the Martian surface, found evidence of large amounts of buried water ice near the planet's poles and measured the radiation environment in low Mars orbit, which could help NASA plan out future manned missions to the Red Planet.

Climate forcing in the LGM equilibrium state, relative to the Holocene, due to the slow feedback ice age surface properties, i.e., increased ice area, different vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was -3.5 ± 1 W / m2 (10).

The main feedbacks between climate and the ice sheet arise from changes in ice elevation, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and sea - ice distribution.

Seasonal to centennial - scale variability of microparticle concentration and size distribution in the WAIS Divide ice core over the past 2.4 ka.

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The final of six episodes in the season, The Ice Dragon will be available starting Tuesday, November 17th on PC / Mac from the Telltale Online Store, Steam, and other digital distribution services, the PlayStation Network for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3, the Xbox Games Store for Xbox One and Xbox 360 video game and entertainment system from Microsoft, and on compatible iOS and Android - based devices.

Zhang, J., D. R. Thomas, D. A. Rothrock, R. W. Lindsay, Y. Yu, and R. Kwok (2003), Assimilation of ice motion observations and comparisons with submarine ice thickness data, J.Geophys.Res., 108 (C6), 3170, DOI: 3110.1029 / 2001JC001041 Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock (2003), Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates, Monthly Weather Review, 131 (5), 845 - 861.

Regional variations arise because the Earth's gravity field is affected in multiple ways by the melt of ice, due to the direct effect of surface mass changes (the gravity field is determined by the distribution of mass), the consequent deformation of the Solid Earth (removing a load causes the Earth's surface to rebound, which in turn changes the distribution of the Earth's mass), the consequent redistribution of ocean water (the ocean surface is shaped by the gravity filed) and perturbations of the Earth's rotation axis (because of mass redistribution).

There are fast feedback changes in some things (e.g. sea ice), and longer - continuing changes in other things (e.g. the Antarctic cap ice; ocean circulation; plankton species frequency and distribution; ocean pH; terrestrial rainfall and erosion).

Numerous denier arguments involving slight fluctuations in the global distribution of warmer vs cooler sea surface areas as supposed explanations of climate change neglect all the energy that goes into ocean heat content, melting large ice deposits and so forth.

Although the primary driver of glacial — interglacial cycles lies in the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar energy driven by changes in the geometry of the Earth's orbit around the Sun («orbital forcing»), reconstructions and simulations together show that the full magnitude of glacial — interglacial temperature and ice volume changes can not be explained without accounting for changes in atmospheric CO2 content and the associated climate feedbacks.

Given that impacts don't scale linearly — that's true both because of the statistics of normal distributions, which imply that (damaging) extremes become much more frequent with small shifts in the mean, and because significant breakpoints such as melting points for sea ice, wet - bulb temperatures too high for human survival, and heat tolerance for the most significant human food crops are all «in play» — the model forecasts using reasonable emissions inputs ought to be more than enough for anyone using sensible risk analysis to know that we making very bad choices right now.

The bottom line is that uncertainties in the physics of aerosol effects (warming from black carbon, cooling from sulphates and nitrates, indirect effects on clouds, indirect effects on snow and ice albedo) and in the historical distributions, are really large (as acknowledged above).

[Response: All forcings are calculated by changing the boundary conditions (in this case the distribution of glacial ice, and looking to see what the change in net radiation is while keeping everything else constant.

What do we know about the age distribution of ice in the arctic?

Changes in SST distribution is what one gets from starting / stopping North Atlantic Current components in Labrador and Greenland Seas, capping with sea ice, etc. 4.

Spatial distribution of multi-year ice concentration (in tenths) within the Western Parry Channel region of the Northwest Passage at the end of May.

The magnitude and spatial distribution of the high - latitude climate changes can be strongly affected by sea ice characteristics, but evaluation of sea ice in models is hampered by insufficient observations of some key variables (e.g., ice thickness)(see Section 4.4).

The animation below of the sea ice concentration chart from Cryosphere Today shows changes in ice distribution from 31 December 2010 to 22 March 2011 in 5 day steps.

In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquIn the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raquin altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.»

This year, the IceBridge Arctic sea ice campaign collected data in late March and early April, and provided data to NSIDC for distribution shortly thereafter.

Arctic sea ice extent reconstruction - Kinnard et al. 2011 Sea ice albedo feedback - NASA Polar jet stream - NC State University Greenland ice sheet surface melt - NASA Permafrost distribution in the Arctic - GRID - Arendal Atmospheric methane concentration - NOAA ESRL Russia plants flag at North Pole - Reuters

River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean.