Sentences with phrase «ice sheet surface as»

Not exact matches

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Stewart Jamieson from Durham University in England and his colleagues made the discovery by looking for subtle changes in the ice sheet's surface shapes, developed as a result of ice flowing over diverse topography.

«The fact that a large portion of the western flank of the Greenland ice sheet has become dark means that the melt is up to five times as much as if it was a brilliant snow surface.»

The ice sheet reflects energy into space, and as that bright reflective surface is lost, more heat is trapped in the ocean.

As many surface melt - water lakes form each summer around the Greenland ice sheet, the possibility exists that similar subglacial lakes may be found elsewhere in Greenland.

In the mid-1990s, a lake containing 1,300 cubic miles of water (as much as Lake Michigan) was detected 12,000 feet below the surface of the ice in East Antarctica, beneath where the Russians had spent years drilling into the ice sheet to study its history.

This current forms off the coast of Antarctica as cold winds off the ice sheet cool the sea surface.

However, it's quite a different matter melting a long - lived massive ice sheet up to 1.5 km thick that covers over 70 % of the land surface (as happened at the end of the last glacial period), from melting isolated and much thinner ice caps / sheets that only cover about 11 % of the land surface (i.e. present - day).»

The new graphics system provided by the brand new Gepard3 Engine allowed developer Stormregion to create a large variety of different surfaces such as, for example, reflecting puddles which disappear over time, vehicles which become wet with rain or glistening sheets of ice.

Richard B. Alley, an expert on Greenland's ice sheet at Penn State, told me it's still possible that flows of meltwater from surface lakes could start large areas of ice moving seaward, particularly if the melt zones continue to expand inland as they have been doing for years now.

However, in periods in the past, say around 8,200 years ago, or during the last ice age, there is lots of evidence that this circulation was greatly reduced, possibly as a function of surface freshwater forcing from large lake collapses or from the ice sheets.

The trait, he proposed, comes to the surface when such people confront strong messaging on the need for emissions reductions amid enduringly murky science on what's driving some particular extreme environmental phenomenon in the world — whether a brief period of widespread melting on the Greenland ice sheet, a potent drought, a tornado outbreak or the extreme event of the moment, the hybrid nor» easter / hurricane known on Twitter as #Frankenstorm.

[Response: Rain on the flanks is not that uncommon, but enough rain on the bulk of the ice sheet to affect the surface mass balance as much as you suggest is not on.

The surface elevations of the West Antarctic ice sheet are about half as high as those of East Antarctica.

An apparent lag in temperature seen in the Greenland ice cores might be an artifact of the proximity of the large Laurentide Ice Sheet, which would have limited the near surface air temperature to the freezing point, as happens over summer sea - ice nice cores might be an artifact of the proximity of the large Laurentide Ice Sheet, which would have limited the near surface air temperature to the freezing point, as happens over summer sea - ice nIce Sheet, which would have limited the near surface air temperature to the freezing point, as happens over summer sea - ice nice now.

Combined climate / ice sheet model estimates in which the Greenland surface temperature was as high during the Eemian as indicated by the NEEM ice core record suggest that loss of less than about 1 m sea level equivalent is very unlikely (e.g. Robinson et al. (2011).

We quantify sea - level commitment in the baseline case by building on Levermann et al. (10), who used physical simulations to model the SLR within a 2,000 - y envelope as the sum of the contributions of (i) ocean thermal expansion, based on six coupled climate models; (ii) mountain glacier and ice cap melting, based on surface mass balance and simplified ice dynamic models; (iii) Greenland ice sheet decay, based on a coupled regional climate model and ice sheet dynamic model; and (iv) Antarctic ice sheet decay, based on a continental - scale model parameterizing grounding line ice flux in relation to temperature.

25 Alastair noted, «But as Jim Hansen pointed out, once an ice sheet starts to melt there is plenty of water on the surface to produce humidity.»

But as Jim Hansen pointed out, once an ice sheet starts to melt there is plenty of water on the surface to produce humidity.

As this week started, scientists monitoring the Greenland ice sheet experienced a shock - over 10 per cent of the island's ice sheet surface was experiencing melting of over 1 millimetre.

«Once the timing of equilibrium conditions for the Greenland Ice Sheet is verified, a detailed reconstruction for that period could serve as a steady - state ice sheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views articIce Sheet is verified, a detailed reconstruction for that period could serve as a steady - state ice sheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views artSheet is verified, a detailed reconstruction for that period could serve as a steady - state ice sheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views articice sheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views artsheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views articice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views artsheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views article.

As reported in the November 11, 2017, TWTW, at least in part, Antarctic ice melt appears to be resulting from geothermal activity below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, with over 130 geothermal hot spots identified near a rift valley below the surfaice melt appears to be resulting from geothermal activity below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, with over 130 geothermal hot spots identified near a rift valley below the surfaIce Sheet, with over 130 geothermal hot spots identified near a rift valley below the surface.

For humanity itself, the greatest threat is the likely demise of the West Antarctic ice sheet as it is attacked from below by a warming ocean and above by increased surface melt.

The conventional view holds that sea levels will start to rise as a pulse of warming works its way gradually from the surface through the two kilometre - and three kilometre - thick ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica and melts them.

Although the study did not find a significant change in the elevation of the interior East Antarctic Ice Sheet, it shows for the first time that the thinning of the Totten glacier in that region extends to the point where the ice meets the land surface below, known as the grounding liIce Sheet, it shows for the first time that the thinning of the Totten glacier in that region extends to the point where the ice meets the land surface below, known as the grounding liice meets the land surface below, known as the grounding line.

A massive ice sheet almost completely covers Greenland, and as summertime temperatures climb and sunlight hours lengthen, parts of the ice sheet surface usually melt, especially at lower elevations near the coast.

Glaciologists have long known materials such as mineral dust and black carbon can darken the surface of large ice sheets.

Over the past quarter - century, both the extent of melting and the length of the melt season on the Greenland ice sheet have been growing, as local temperatures have risen.6 Satellites measure the extent of melting by differentiating between areas of the ice mass that are fully frozen and those with surface meltwater.

Scientists: Warming causes Antarctic ice sheet growth, and lower sea levels By Kenneth Richard While many scientists are projecting rapid sea level rise as a result of a warmer Antarctica and consequent ice sheet melting, other scientists are projecting that the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet will gain in mass because a warmer Antarctica means snow and ice accumulation will outpace the -LSB-...]

If these plumes of warm air operated in the same way during the last glaciation as they do know then they would make short work of ice sheets that were hanging around because of the albedo effect, this is possible because not all the northern hemisphere mid latitude land surface was covered with ice throughout the period of glaciation and might explain why glaciations terminate quickly

Second, and less important but still rather spectacular, was the melting of virtually every square inch of the surface of this ice sheet over a short period of a few days during the hottest part of the summer, a phenomenon observed every few hundred years but nevertheless an ominous event considering that it happened just as the aforementioned record ice mass loss was being observed and measured.

Furthermore, IPCC just as clearly states «Current global model studies project that the Antarctic ice sheet will remain too cold for widespread surface melting and is expected to gain in mass due to increased snowfall.»

The runaway greenhouse effect has several meanings ranging from, at the low end, global warming sufficient to induce out - of - control amplifying feedbacks, such as ice sheet disintegration and melting of methane hydrates, to, at the high end, a Venus - like hothouse with crustal carbon baked into the atmosphere and a surface temperature of several hundred degrees, a climate state from which there is no escape.

1) tectonics — earthquakes and slow seismic events 2) erosion / sedimentation 3) isostatic rebound — response to a change in surface load (such as the removal of an ice sheet or deposition or removal of sediment)

Great progress has been made recently in assessing the current rate of mass loss from the ice sheets (Shepherd et al., 2012), as well as monitoring the changing snowfall, surface melting, and temperature contributing to the changes.

Glacial — interglacial oscillations of the CO2 amount and ice sheet size are both slow climate feedbacks, because glacial — interglacial climate oscillations largely are instigated by insolation changes as the Earth's orbit and tilt of its spin axis change, with the climate change then amplified by a nearly coincident change of the CO2 amount and the surface albedo.

That's a key reason surface temperatures haven't appeared to warm as fast as many had expected in the past ten years — although ocean warming has sped up, and sea level rise has accelerated more than we thought, and Arctic sea ice has melted much faster than the models expected, as have the great ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica

That leaves only meltwater penetration as a potential way to inject surface heat deep into the ice sheet.

The remaining amount is coming from increased surface melting, which is no longer confined to the southern part of the ice sheet — the amount of ice accumulating in the inland part of the ice sheet is starting to decline as well.

As ocean temperatures warm, the ice sheet melts below the surface, and more icebergs break off.