Ice core temperature reconstructions such as Dome C are based on the isotopic composition of the ice.
In general, the larger amplitude reconstructions have a better match with independent bore hole and
ice core temperature reconstructions.
Not exact matches
«We find many examples of these variations in pre-industrial
temperature reconstructions» based on proxies such as tree rings,
ice cores, and lake sediment, Lovejoy says.
>... there are still ways of discovering the
temperatures of past centuries,... tree rings...
Core samples from drilling in
ice fields... historical
reconstruction... coral growth, isotope data from sea floor sediment, and insects, all of which point to a very warm climate in medieval times.
I've also analyzed data (not conclusions, but raw data) relating to paleoclimate
reconstructions such as tree rings,
ice cores, and (my personal favorite) borehole
temperature profiles.
-- According to several Antarctic
ice cores, there was a ~ 10 ppmv drop in CO2 between the MWP and LIA, this points to a ~ 1 K drop in global
temperature, which is more in line with the higher variable
reconstructions.
It's also clear that there is a mismatch between the
temperature reconstructions and the
ice core record.
The «hockey stick» describes a
reconstruction of past
temperature over the past 1000 to 2000 years using tree - rings,
ice cores, coral and other records that act as proxies for
temperature (Mann 1999).
The amplitudes of the pre-industrial, decadal - scale NH
temperature changes from the proxy - based
reconstructions (< 1 °C) are broadly consistent with the
ice core CO2 record and understanding of the strength of the carbon cycle - climate feedback.
Looking at real
temperature reconstructions using
ice cores, sediment studies, etc give a very clear context to the whimper of an effect, if any, we as humans are having on
temperatures.
Mann's graphic represented a
reconstruction of past
temperatures, not from thermometers or satellites, but by analysing data from proxies, such as tree - ring width, corals, and
ice cores.
Figure 1 Alley's
reconstruction is based upon trapped air in
ice cores taken from central Greenland and his proxies are calibrated to air
temperatures on land.
Therefore, in a subsequent MAGICC run we replaced our
ice core — based
reconstruction with Sato's [Sato et al., 1993](and updated to present) values after 1970 and compared the model response to NH
temperature reconstructions [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, Figure 6.10] for the past millennium (Figure 4).
Also needs to be pointed out that
ice core d18O
temperature reconstructions are valid as a global proxy.
Global solar irradiance
reconstruction [48 — 50] and
ice -
core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean annual
temperature (MAT)
reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990
temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom record [41], oxygen isotopes records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].
A high correlation with the 60 + year long instrumental
temperature record at Faraday station, further up the Antartic peninsula, was used as evidence that the Gomez d18O
ice core proxy
reconstruction was a valid representation of
temperatures in the vincinity of the peninsula.
Figure 3 shows the
temperature reconstructions from Antarctic
ice cores for the last 420,000 years covering four previous Interglacials.
Note that regional proxies, such as the oxygen - isotope
temperature reconstructions from the Greenland
Ice Core Project that record Dansgaard - Oeschger events, often indicate faster regional rates of climate change than the overall global average for glacial - interglacial transitions, just as today warming is more pronounced in Arctic regions than in equatorial regions (Barnosky et al., 2003; Diffenbaugh and Field, 2013).
NO correlation on geologic time scales (geocarb
reconstructions), and on shorter time scales (
ice core reconstructions) where there IS a correlation, it runs IN REVERSE — with CO2 level FOLLOWING
temperature changes, UP AND DOWN, like a DOG ON A LEASH.
I have noted this same problem in all papers with the seemingly purposeful exclusion of error bars in
reconstructions of
ice core and other proxy CO2 and
temperature graphs, regardless of which is leading and which is lagging.
Empirical attempts to determine the in situ «sensitivity» of atmospheric
temperatures to changes in CO2 from
ice -
core reconstructions thus run into the obvious problem of separating the effects of these two factors.
He is also deeply involved in
ice - sheet modeling with specific developments in areas such as
ice core dating and
temperature reconstruction based on paleothermometry.
The first is a 100,000 year
temperature and CO2 - level
reconstruction from
ice -
core data.
Climate scientists built this
reconstruction with a series of «proxies», including tree rings and
ice core samples, which (they hope) exhibit properties that are strongly correlated with historical
temperatures.