Sentences with phrase «includes studies comparing»

Includes studies comparing the safety of home and hospital births and the safety of care given by midwives.

New York State has the greatest gap between rich and poor in the United States.And the most rigorous research over the past 15 years, including studies comparing job growth trends in neighboring counties across state lines with different minimum wages, have found that higher minimum wages do not result in job losses.

Not exact matches

According to the same RIS study mentioned above, they use their smartphones for multiple reasons when it comes to shopping, including comparing prices while in - store, reading product reviews, and purchasing from the website instead of the brick - and - mortar store.

Following a national survey of 1,054 total respondents, including 616 employers and 438 job seekers, the study revealed that 63 % of employers expect hiring volume to increase in 2017 compared to 2016.

To date, results from several longitudinal studies indicate that e-cigarette use among nonsmoking youth increases the likelihood of future use of conventional cigarettes.5 — 10 Specifically, the pooled odds ratio (OR) in a recent meta - analysis of studies of adolescents and young adults (aged 14 — 30) indicates that those who had ever used e-cigarettes were 3.62 times more likely to report using cigarettes at follow - up compared with those who had not used e - cigarettes.11 This finding was robust and remained significant when adjusting for known risk factors associated with cigarette smoking, including demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables such as cigarette susceptibility.

Renters insurance quotes for Columbia were 3.9 % lower compared to the other cities included in the study.

Why Choose Viva Naturals Organic Cacao Powder Antioxidants A study published by the American Heart Association compared the flavonoid content of several different foods, including tea, fruits and vegetables.

Recent studies show excellent preservation of sweet potato anthocyanins with steaming, and several studies comparing boiling to roasting have shown better blood sugar effects (including the achievement of a lower glycemic index, or GI value) with boiling.

In this meta - analysis of 7 studies including more than 150,000 persons, those whose diets provided the highest dietary fiber intake had a 29 % lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those with the lowest fiber intake.

To be included, a study had to compare organic and conventional planting across similarly - sized areas, had to report on the sample size and error margins, and had to use organic methods that complied with the guidelines of certification organisations (such as the UK's Soil Association).

Another 5 studies (13 - 17) claim homebirth to have a higher perinatal mortality rate compared to hospital birth but they all include high risk births in the planned homebirth group.

Twenty - one studies, including two random controlled trials and nineteen observational studies, were used to compare nurse - midwifery outcomes to those by physicians.

The strengths of the study include the ability to compare outcomes by the woman's planned place of birth at the start of care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to women with no complicating conditions identified at the start of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important potential confounders.

According to a 2014 study from Northwestern Medicine and the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, office workers with more light exposure at the office enjoyed many benefits, including longer sleep durations, better sleep quality, and better quality of life compared to workers who did not have much exposure to natural light at work.

The study compared Glen Ellyn to 10 other communities, including Clarendon Hills, Downers Grove, Elmhurst, Hinsdale, Naperville, and Wheaton in DuPage County, along with Arlington Heights, La Grange and Western Springs in Cook County and Geneva in Kane County.

In a study that compared babies who ate pureed meat as a first food to those who ate iron - fortified infant cereal, the meat - fed babies had an increased rate of head growth but there weren't significant differences in blood chemistry including iron levels.

There has been concern raised about a resurgence of vitamin D deficiency and rickets among infants and children, with reports emerging in the United States from Alaska, 1,2 Iowa, 3 Nevada, 4 California, 5 North Carolina, 6 Texas, 7 and mother - infant pairs in Boston, 8 among others.9 The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young children also appears to be high in other countries, including England, 10 Greece, 11 and Canada.12, 13 One study from China found a 65.3 % prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among 12 - to 24 - month - olds, but few cases (3.7 %) of radiographic or clinical rickets were noted.14 Previous studies suggest risk factors to be dark skin pigmentation1,3 - 12 and breastfeeding without supplementation.1 - 7, 9,12,13 To date, reports have focused primarily on young infants compared with toddlers.

The study population included all «low risk» women who participated in the cohort study, as described elsewhere.12 In brief, the cohort study was designed to compare outcomes in women judged to be at low risk of complications before the onset of labour.

Other strengths of the underpinning cohort study include high participation by midwifery units and trusts in England; the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias because of non-consent; and the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk.12 The economic evaluation was conducted according to nationally agreed design and reporting guidelines.15 26 Collection of primary unit cost data was thorough and accounted for regional differences in care patterns.

For the purposes of this economic evaluation, the forms were initially used in a related study funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) research for patient benefit programme «assessing the impact of a new birth centre on choice and outcome of maternity care in an inner city area,» which will be reported in full elsewhere, comparing the costs of care in a free standing midwifery unit with care in an obstetric unit in the same trust.16 The data collected included details of staffing levels, treatments, surgeries, diagnostic imaging tests, scans, drugs, and other resource inputs associated with each stage of the pathway through intrapartum and after birth care.

For example, one study comparing breast and formula fed siblings found no differences on any cognitive / educational achievement measures, behavioural indicators (including parental attachment) and most physical health measures (including BMI and obesity).

Breastfeeding was more effective in reducing crying duration or pain scores during vaccination compared to: 25 % dextrose and topical anaesthetic cream (EMLA), vapocoolant, maternal cuddling, and massage.No included studies reported adverse events.

Independent observations of change were on the whole smaller than parent - report (SMD of 0.4 compared with 0.7), and very few (7/25) of the included studies had provided an independent assessment of outcome.

Although there were limitations in the way that satisfaction - related outcomes were assessed and reported, the majority of the included studies showed a higher level of satisfaction with various aspects of care in the midwife - led continuity of care compared to the other models of care.

A review of the effects of emergency obstetric referral interventions, compared to no intervention, included 19 studies from low - and middle - income countries (Hussein 2012).

A review of the effects of community - based neonatal intervention packages, compared to usual maternal and newborn care services, included 26 studies (Lassi 2015).

A recent meta - analysis of 18 studies that compared partially hydrolyzed formula with intact protein cow's - milk formula found a 44 % decrease in atopic manifestations (including atopic dermatitis) among infants receiving partially hydrolyzed formula (summary RR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40 — 0.77)(37).

A few studies have supported the utility of test weights in preterm infants: these include a Swedish study favorably comparing babies cared for in NICUs using test weights vs NICUs that did not (earlier attainment of exclusive breastfeeding and earlier discharge) as well as a small study from the illustrious LCs at my own institution describing the development of a technique for accurately performing test weights.

Twelve studies, contributing 7596 childhood leukemia cases, were included in the analysis of breastfeeding and childhood leukemia and the authors found a moderate effect of between - study heterogeneity that was eliminated when they removed the study by Smulevich et al. 17 The calculated pooled OR of the 12 studies indicated a statistically significant inverse association between ever breastfed compared with never breastfed and childhood leukemia (OR, 0.87; 95 % CI, 0.77 - 0.99).

Therefore, future birth cohort studies examining the incidence of atopic disease need to directly compare infants fed hydrolyzed (including both partially and extensively hydrolyzed formulas) and nonhydrolyzed formulas to exclusively breast - fed infants for a prolonged period.

In this meta - analysis of published (1995 - 2011) case - control studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood leukemia, all analyses, except the subanalysis for AML alone, which was not statistically significant, showed that being breastfed for at least 6 months compared with less than that or not at all was significantly associated with a 14 % to 20 % lower risk for childhood leukemia, with a 20 % lower risk when all selected 17 studies were included in the analysis.

No studies have compared exclusive prolonged hydrolyzed (including both partially and extensively hydrolyzed formulas) formula feeding (more than 3 days) with human milk feeding on the incidence of atopic disease.

They found the various studies showed a range of significant results including indications that infants who were massaged cried less, slept better, and had lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol compared to infants who did not receive massage.

This meta - analysis included mainly studies that compared children who had been breast fed with children who were exclusively formula fed.

In the majority of the included studies, satisfaction with various aspects of care appears to be higher in the midwife - led continuity of care compared to the other models of care.

Eight studies compared a midwife - led continuity model of care to a shared model of care (Begley 2011; Biro 2000; Flint 1989; Hicks 2003; Homer 2001; Kenny 1994; North Stafford 2000; Rowley 1995), three studies compared a midwife - led continuity model of care to medical - led models of care (Harvey 1996; MacVicar 1993; Turnbull 1996) and two studies compared midwife - led continuity of care with various options of standard care including midwife - led (with varying levels of continuity), medical - led and shared care (McLachlan 2012; Waldenstrom 2001).

Declan Devane is a co-author in one of the included trials in this review (Begley 2011) Jane Sandall was and is principal investigator for two studies evaluating models of midwife - led continuity of care (Sandall 2001), and co-investigator on the «Birthplace in England Research Programme», an integrated programme of research designed to compare outcomes of births for women planned at home, in different types of midwifery units, and in hospital units with obstetric services.

In brief, the majority of the included studies, showed a higher level of satisfaction in various aspects of care in the midwife - led continuity compared to the other models of care.

DeFrancisco said Monday that the state should include the tunnel as one of the options in a draft environmental impact study that will compare each option based on cost, the impact on local businesses and the economy, traffic congestion and other factors.

, Draft 21, Weather, Draft 23, (Comparing Volumes), 17 (Observing Change), and 38 (Using Graphs), Drafts 22, 24, 28, 33, 35 & 50, Drafts 41, 42 & 48, Drafts 1, Draft 2 - 4, «Finished» 4 - 6, Drafts 8, 11 & 12, Drafts 13 & 14, Drafts 16, 18 & 34, Drafts SAPA Modules 16, 18 & 34, Drafts, 1973 Reports, Experimental Module SAPA, 1973 - 1974 SAPA II Program Guide Revision, 1973 Supplementary Study Materials Report, «Big M Game» and «Booklet Averages», 1973 - 1974 SAPA Alternate Organizational Schemes, 1973 Misc., including correspondences, addresses, lists of modules and material lists, 1973 - 1973; 1975 Program Guide, drafts and suggestions Program Chart, 1973 Description of the Program, Drafts, 1973 Mars Photos, 1973 Sequence Charts, Modules 16 - 30, 1973 Sequence Charts Part A, Modules 1 - 15, 1973 Long - Range Planning Guide - Capie Clusters Sequence Charts, Modules 31 - 45, 1975 Sequence Charts, Modules 31 - 60, 1973 Sequence Charts, Modules 46 - 60.

For the new study, Dokholyan's team, including lead author Cheng Zhu, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in his lab, conducted complicated experiments to compare how trimers affect neurons to how larger fibrils affect neurons.

For example, in the first study, people who were told that other participants included coffee experts — a more knowledgeable group — reported lower subjective knowledge than participants who believed that they were being compared to teenagers — a less knowledgeable group.

A new University of Colorado Boulder study comparing dissolved black carbon deposition on ice and snow in ecosystems around the world (including Antarctica, the Arctic, and alpine regions of the Himalayas, Rockies, Andes, and Alps) shows that while concentrations vary widely, significant amounts can persist in both pristine and non-pristine areas of snow.

But several reports, including a pair of recent small - scale radio - tracking studies, suggest cleaned birds have a good chance of long - term survival even compared with birds that were never oiled.

People who regularly eat nuts, including peanuts, walnuts and tree nuts, have a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease compared to people who never or almost never eat nuts, according to a study published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Researchers also included a human genetics study of approximately 188,000 people, which found that carriers of mutations that disable ANGPTL3 had nearly 40 percent fewer incidents of coronary artery disease as compared to those with fully functioning ANGPTL3.

In addition, the researchers observed a lower rate of side effects compared to previous studies that included all skin types.

The researchers made their discovery by comparing Y - chromosome sequences among 69 men from nine globally distinct regions, including some that have only recently been available for study.

The UCR study included 143 people, who were asked to compare IDR - treated tap water with conventional tap water and commercially bottled water.

Although the new survey did not include men, previous studies have shown that men are significantly more likely to receive recommended heart health monitoring and less likely to be told to lose weight as compared to women.