Increased water vapor in the stratosphere makes it warmer on the ground by trapping heat, while the ozone loss makes it colder on the ground.
Global warming pessimists accept that CO2 - induced warmer temperatures will cause a positive feedback via
increased water vapor in the air.
As to the idea of CH4 contributing to an increase in O2 in the atmosphere we are leaving out the recent examples of
increased water vapor in the Stratospheric region.
• albedo decreases as ice melts (ice is perhaps 80 % reflective, while ocean albedo can be as low as 3.5 %) •
increased water vapor in a warmer climate • warmer oceans absorb less carbon dioxide • warmer soils release carbon dioxide and methane • plants in a hotter climate are darker
For example, they predicted the expansion of the Hadley cells, the poleward movement of storm tracks, the rising of the tropopause, the rising of the effective radiating altitude, the circulation of aerosols in the atmosphere, the modelling of the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere, the clear sky super greenhouse effect that results from
increased water vapor in the tropics, the near constancy of relative humidity, and polar amplification, the cooling of the stratosphere while the troposphere warmed.
It also
increases the water vapor in the air slightly — which takes another bite out of the IR spectrum.
goodsprk: It relies on not simply CO2, but on feedback from increased CO2 raising the temperature which
increases the water vapor in the atmosphere which the alarmist assume will actually breaking up the low level clouds and forming high level cirrus clouds that will trap more heat.
I make you angry: -RCB- It shows CO2's absorption in the longwave IR band, CO2 slows longwave radiation lost to space which increases temperature which increases evaporation,
increasing water vapor in the atmosphere.
It relies on not simply CO2, but on feedback from increased CO2 raising the temperature which
increases the water vapor in the atmosphere which the alarmist assume will actually breaking up the low level clouds and forming high level cirrus clouds that will trap more heat.
This further
increases the water vapor in the atmosphere - the main culprit of greenhouse gases.
This increases the water vapor in the atmosphere which also increases the temperature more.
There is growing evidence that this has already occurred31 through more evaporation from the ocean, which
increases water vapor in the lower atmosphere32 and autumn cloud cover west and north of Alaska.33
Not exact matches
Rather, when the fullness of time is reached, there is a qualitative transformation, as
in the case of the acorn becoming an oak, or
water brought to boiling point becoming
vapor, or instinct becoming reflection, or molecular
increase becoming cellular.
The researchers believe the greening is a response to higher atmospheric carbon dioxide inducing decreases
in plant stomatal conductance — the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide entering, or
water vapor exiting, through the stomata of a leaf — and
increases in soil
water, thus enhancing vegetation growth.
New Zealand experienced an extreme two - day rainfall
in December 2011; researchers said 1 to 5 percent more moisture was available for that event due to climate change, which is
increasing the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere.
The
increase in the amount of
water vapor could be related to the decline
in sea ice, they say.
Of course, the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere is also affected by another potent greenhouse gas — methane — which has unexpectedly failed to
increase in recent years.
And climate change has led to more
water vapor in the atmosphere, which
increases rainfall totals.
Satellite data showed that the
increase coincided with a «greening» of the rainforest, or an
increase in fresh leaves, leading researchers to suspect the moisture might be
water vapor released during photosynthesis.
Most climatologists expect that on average the atmospheres
water vapor content will
increase in response to surface warming caused by the long - lived greenhouse gases, further accelerating the overall warming trend.
For example, added
water vapor pumped into the upper atmosphere from the chimney
increases the amount of energy trapped there,
in turn heating the planet further.
And more
water vapor worldwide is related to the atmosphere being warmer — we have about 7 percent more
water vapor in the atmosphere now than we did
in the 1950s, which is directly linked to the
increase in heavy precipitation events.
«This
increase in water vapor has contributed to
increasing total precipitation
in the fall season, but does not necessarily mean an
increase in extreme precipitation events,» she added.
By analyzing global
water vapor and temperature satellite data for the lower atmosphere, Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Andrew Dessler and his colleagues found that warming driven by carbon dioxide and other gases allowed the air to hold more moisture,
increasing the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere.
Lindzen was allowed to print his «Iris Theory» (stating that global warming might end because of a natural
increase in cooling - type clouds and less
water vapor - a heat - trapping greenhouse gas)
in Geophysical Research Letters (Jun. 26, 2001 - a legitimate peer - reviewed journal).
For every 1 °F
increase in temperature, the atmosphere can hold around 4 percent more
water vapor, which leads to heavier rain and
increases the risk of flooding of rivers and streams.
According to Dr. Kevin Trenberth at NCAR
in Boulder, Colo., an
increase in water vapor floating overhead, triggered by warming of the atmosphere and oceans, is already loading the dice.
Now if we add
water vapor to the atmosphere it
increases the greenhouse effect
in the spectral regions that are not saturated not opaque, which means
in the atmospheric window.
Another process knows as a «runaway greenhouse» occurs due to the
increased greenhouse effect of
water vapor in the lower atmosphere, which further drives evaporation and more warming.
BH — The Gettelman et al paper I linked to demonstrates
increases in water vapor from observational data (AIRS) over a 54 month interval, as well as good correlation with model simulations.
However, the surface warming caused by human - produced
increases in carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases leads to a large
increase in water vapor, since a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture.
Current state - of - the - art climate models predict that
increasing water vapor concentrations
in warmer air will amplify the greenhouse effect created by anthropogenic greenhouse gases while maintaining nearly constant relative humidity.
For every 1 °C (1.8 °F) of warming, the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere
increases by about 7 percent.
Human activities directly produce only a small
increase in water vapor through combustion processes and irrigation.
Increased water vapor is expected to accompany
increases in temperature (IPCC 2013), and as a result heat stress
increases are compounded.
Thousands of studies conducted by researchers around the world have documented changes
in surface, atmospheric, and oceanic temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice; rising sea levels; ocean acidification; and
increasing atmospheric
water vapor.
The stratopsheric cooling may be caused by the tropospheric
water vapor (see figure 3 of http://www.springerlink.com/content/6677gr5lx8421105/fulltext.pdf)-- but
in that figure
water vapor is fixed only above sigma = 0.14 (~ 140 hPa), so the cooling may also be caused by the
increase in lower stratospheric
water vapor.
The climate responds to the warming or cooling,
in part by
increasing or decreasing
water vapor a la Claussius - Clapeyron.
There is a clear impact on global temperature, too, though the mechanisms are complex: heat released from the oceans;
increases in water vapor, which enhance the greenhouse effect, and redistributions of clouds.
The most important non-CO2 forcing is methane, whose
increases in turn cause tropospheric ozone and stratospheric
water vapor to
increase.
It was hypothesized that if CO2 warmed the atmosphere, the amount of
water vapor — itself a powerful greenhouse gas —
in the atmosphere should
increase.
Magma at Mount Agung
in Bali has moved upward, indicated by the release of
water vapor from its crater,
in addition to
increased seismic activity, the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry's Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Center (PVMBG) reported on Monday.
It is difficult to monitor, but there is now satellite evidence that
water vapor in the atmosphere really is
increasing with temperature,
in a way that yields positive feedback.
The relative contribution of each trace GHG to
increased Eocene and Cretaceous land temperatures at 4 × CO2, assessed with multiple separate coupled - ocean atmosphere HadCM3L model simulations, revealed methane and associated
increases in stratospheric
water vapor dominate, with nitrous oxide and tropospheric ozone contributing approximately equally to the remainder.
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are
increasing its concentration
in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG,
water vapor, exists
in equilibrium with
water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet,
water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are
increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders
increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs,
increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
# 185 — «The
increased water vapor will almost certainly result
in increased cloud formation...» I'd be very interested
in your source for this suggestion, Dan.
Global warming also leads to
increases in atmospheric
water vapor, which
increases the likelihood of heavier rainfall events that may cause flooding.
Specific humidity content of the air has
increased, as expected as part of the conventional
water vapor feedback, but
in fact relative humidity also
increased between 1950 and 1990, indicating a stronger
water vapor feedback than given by the conventional assumption of fixed relative humidity.
1) Even though CO2 concentrations
in the atmosphere has gone up by 30 % over the last 200 years or so (compared to being stable for 400 000), I have a hard time to comprehend how an
increase from 0.028 % to 0.038 % of CO2 by volume can have any effect on the thermal mass of the atmosphere considering that
water vapor by volume is 50x greater and has higher thermal coefficients.
Though it's a long shot, several of us check
water vapor animations (h / t Tenney Naumer), and over time the
increase in WV and energy is, we think, noticeable.