«ALMA's spatial resolution improves much more in the near future», Sakai says, «Then much detail of
the infalling material toward the protostar can be revealed, and it helps us answer to the mystery behind the diversity in star formation.»
A portion of
this infalling material, however, never makes it onto the surface of the star.
«We are learning the conditions of
the infalling material and whether this plays a role in the growth of the supermassive black hole,» Ghez says.
Some of
the infalling material is pushed away in a stellar wind much like the solar wind that fills our solar system.
To limit inherent systematic uncertainties, Ghez's group accounted for overlapping light sources when one star passes in front of another or near the black hole itself, where
infalling material emits radiation.
Infalling material smashes into the star, creating a shock wave and heating the accreting gas to temperatures greater than 5 million degrees Fahrenheit.
Third, when a black hole consumes gas and dust, it heats
the infalling material so much that it glows brightly at all wavelengths.
The infalling material gets so hot that it shines hundreds of times brighter than the whole galaxy it is in.
The blue shows a wind blowing from
the infalling material.
The white blob at the center contains a massive black hole surrounded by
infalling material, which, oddly, is not much brighter than some of the stars around it.
Not exact matches
Pan, for instance, a roughly 30 - kilometer - wide moon in the Encke ring gap, has done this to the particles in its vicinity; in turn,
infalling ring
material has reshaped Pan, making the moon look as if it were wearing a tutu.
The researchers modeled the resulting accretion disc — an elliptical disc of stellar debris swirling around the black hole — along with its probable speed, radius, and rate of
infall, or speed at which
material falls onto the black hole.
But according to some models, larger magnetic fields, comparable to that estimated in the new study, may act in the opposite fashion, suppressing the
infall of
material and potentially placing a black hole on a starvation diet, Reynolds says.
We have not yet been able to unambiguously detect the collapse of a molecular cloud core or the
infall of circumstellar
material onto an embryonic star.
Because meteorites are so similar to the
material inside Earth, many researchers believe that the Earth formed from
infalling meteoroids.