One of the most important — and, to some ways of thinking, paradoxical — findings was that a secure attachment early in life led to greater independence later, whereas
an insecure attachment led to a child being more dependent later in life.
Not exact matches
Timely and appropriate maternal sensitivity to the infant's behaviour is a central component of mother - infant relationships and healthy social and emotional development.20, 21 Maternal depression may disrupt the maternal - child relationship, 22 contribute to maternal failure to respond appropriately to infant signals23 and
lead to
insecure attachments.24 A mother's failure to respond to the crying infant can have important immediate and lasting consequences for infant development.
According to the study of Kassle and colleagues (2006), individuals with
insecure attachments lack necessary skills to form social relationships which will
lead them to anxiety and distress.
This can
lead to an «
insecure attachment,» which can cause problems later in childhood.
I work with the Emotionally Focused Couple's Therapy (EFCT) model to identify patterns of interaction, and sometimes emotional trauma, that have
lead to
insecure attachments between partners.
This creates a negative spiral, which can
lead to compulsive behaviors, emotional frailty or rigidity, and
insecure attachments as we seek to hide our behaviors from those around us.
The characteristics of maternal depression,
insecure - avoidant
attachment attitudes, and psychosocial risks are most probably associated with less adequate parenting and a poor parent - child relationship, 13,15 which may have
led to insufficient support of the child's weight - reduction efforts.
Critics may believe that
insecure attachments may
lead a person to be more desperate to form a secure
attachment with another person since he or she was never able to experience it with a caregiver.
Caused by a history of unresponsive and insensitive caregiving environment, an
insecure attachment can
lead children to develop poor emotion regulation skills and a negative sense of self, both associated with internalizing problems.
Some people, however, have negative expectations in relationships,
leading to
insecure attachment styles.
An
insecure parent - child
attachment leads to developmental and adjustment problems, as well as behavioral issues such as biting, pushing and hitting.
This is a serious gap in our knowledge for two reasons: (1) Recent research has shown that disorganized
attachment is a predictor of psychopathology, whereas
insecure - avoidant and resistant
attachment lead to less optimal but not pathological child adjustment.10 Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate
attachment - based interventions on their potential value to prevent
attachment disorganization.
I work with the Emotionally Focused Couple's Therapy (EFCT) model to identify negative patterns of interaction and accompanying emotional trauma, that have
lead to
insecure attachments between partners.
Insecure attachment early in life may
lead to
attachment issues and difficulty forming relationships throughout life.
CD / ODD may
lead to
insecure or disorganized
attachment in some cases, or
insecure / disorganized
attachment may
lead to the demonstration of CD / ODD symptoms in some cases.
Thorberg and Lyvers (2006) stated that their «clients who were undergoing treatment for alcoholism, heroin addiction, or cannabis abuse» are having higher levels of
insecure attachment which
lead them to fear of intimacy.
According to Bowlby (1969) later relationships are likely to be a continuation of early
attachment styles (secure and
insecure) because the behavior of the infant's primary
attachment figure promotes an internal working model of relationships which
leads the infant to expect the same in later relationships.
These ways of parenting in a child's early years
lead to
insecure attachment that shows up in adult romantic relationships.
Three issues are central: first, does child maltreatment
lead to more
insecure - organized (avoidant and resistant)
attachments?
This
led Belsky4, 5,6 to conclude that infant day care, especially that initiated on a full - or near full - time basis beginning in the first year of life, 7 was a «risk factor» in the development of
insecure attachment in infancy (and of aggression and disobedience in 3 - 8 year olds).
These findings
led Levy to suggest the probability of a multigenerational impact of
insecure attachment in the family system of overprotective mothers.
This may in the end
lead to a breakdown of organized
attachment strategies or impede children's capacity to even develop an organized
insecure attachment strategy.
This suggests that restriction in
attachment repertoire, as well as inadequate paternal responses,
led to descriptions of
insecure attachments, whereas AQS - based assessments of the same dyads showed secure
attachments.
Notably, we recently reported neural data suggesting that
insecure attachment strategies
lead children to respond to the Cyberball paradigm with more excessive and enduring negative expectations regarding re-inclusion than securely attached children (White et al., 2012, 2013).