Sentences with phrase «intralaminar thalamic»

«These patients provide a natural experimental model that gave us a chance to use their implanted electrodes to record how much externally applied tDCS current actually reaches the thalamic and subthalmic regions,» says Feng.

This circuit involves the nucleus reuniens (NR), a thalamic nucleus of largely unknown function.

The research team also tried the GD2 CAR - T therapy in mice with human spinal cord and thalamic tumors implanted in their respective anatomical locations.

That was the question researchers addressed in the study Intralaminar Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Ameliorates the Memory Deficit and the Dendritic Regression in β - Amyloid Infusion Rats, led by Sheng - Tzung Tsai, MD..

The most consistent regional finding is that anesthetics reduce thalamic activity and deactivate mesial (middle) and parietal cortical regions.

These channels enable thalamic reticular nucleus neurons to generate burst firing, leading the neurons to enter a hyper - excited state.

Absence seizures are believed to be elicited by T - type calcium channels in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the brain that regulate influxes of calcium.

However, while the maps for visual space and eye input were thought to originate from the segregation of thalamic afferents in visual cortex, the origin of the other maps remained unclear.

The work of Kremkow and colleagues indicates that the organization of all maps originates from the same principle: an arrangement of thalamic afferents that minimizes differences in spatial position, eye input and light / dark polarity among neighboring cortical neurons.

They found that altering the activity of three specific targets — GABAB currents, the potassium leak currents and hyperpolarization - activated thalamic currents — restored sleep patterns in their model.

The findings of Experiments 1 and 2 support the role of a striato - thalamic - frontal cortical system in fatigue, suggesting a «fatigue - network» in MS.

«In this case, Martinez and colleagues help us to understand how variation in the ADGRL3 gene might contribute to thalamic dysfunction in ADHD.»

«Our latest research findings support a newly emerging model of how the brain focuses attention on a particular task, using neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus as a switchboard to control the amount of information the brain receives, limiting and filtering out sensory information that we don't want to pay attention to,» says senior study investigator and neuroscientist Michael Halassa, MD, PhD.

Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center say they have added to evidence that a shell - shaped region in the center of the mammalian brain, known as the thalamic reticular nucleus or TRN, is likely responsible for the ability to routinely and seamlessly multitask.

Spindles come from a structure of the brain called thalamic reticular nucleus and spike around 7 - 15 per second.

«Often during the night a regular pattern is manifested, where a slow oscillation from the cortex is immediately followed by a thalamic spindle and while this happens, a hippocampal ripple appears in parallel.

This is the first study to show that artificial thalamic spindles affect memory, if administered in sync with slow oscillations.

At nighttime between the two days, scientists introduced artificial thalamic spindles in some of the mice using a light - based technique called optogenetics.

That could explain Melendez and others like him who improve on Ambien: The drug might boost thalamic activity by blocking activity in the globus pallidus, which normally keeps the thalamus in check.

Previous studies suggested that stimulation of thalamic neurons may awaken patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury from minimally conscious states.

Dr. Lee's team flashed laser pulses onto light sensitive central thalamic neurons of sleeping rats, which caused the cells to fire.

The relationship of anterior thalamic radiation integrity to psychosis risk associated neuregulin - 1 variants

The distribution and morphology of neurons and axonal endings (puncta) immunostained with antibodies to gamma - aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) were analyzed in auditory brainstem, thalamic,

Scientists used mice to study how nerve cells in thalamic reticular nucleus work during sleep and how they help the brain concentrate.

Housed in a brain region called the thalamus, a group of brain cells called the thalamic reticular nucleus, or TRN, had been suspected to control the brain's ability to pay selective attention to cues from the outside world.

Title: Role of thalamic projection in NMDA receptor - induced disruption of cortical slow oscillation and short - term plasticity Author: T. Kiss et al..

Seibt J., Schuurmans C., Gradwhol G., Dehay C., Vanderhaeghen P., Guillemot, F. and Polleux F. (2003) Neurogenin2 specifies the connectivity of thalamic neurons by controlling axon responsiveness to intermediate target cues.

Fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also showed diffuse calcification in the subcortical parenchyma and thalamic areas, ventriculomegaly, lissencephaly, and pachygyria (ie, smooth brains with reduced gyral ridges).6 Nevertheless, to our knowledge, a systematic follow - up of clinical and morphological features of these cases along with anatomic and pathological descriptions associated with congenital ZIKV infection has not been reported.

Recording from downstream neurons in the caudate and from thalamic neurons projecting to the medial frontal cortex indicated that this phenomenon originates within cortical networks.

In these studies, we developed a method to simultaneously record the activity of multiple excitatory thalamic neurons (ETN) together with the axonal activity of inhibitory thalamic neurons (ITN) in the same brain volume.

A within - group analysis was performed in the depressed group to explore effects of depression refractoriness on functional connectivity.Resting - state subgenual cingulate and thalamic functional connectivity with the default - mode network were significantly greater in the depressed subjects.

Allen, R.P., Barker, P.B., Horská, A. & Earley, C.J. Thalamic glutamate / glutamine in restless legs syndrome: increased and related to disturbed sleep.

The findings provide cross-modality confirmation of PET studies demonstrating increased thalamic and subgenual cingulate activity in major depression.

Although there may also be further connections involving interneurons, the thalamic Gld, in many bird species, shows a strictly focused projection upon the visual wulst.

YanGang Sun, Juan Pita - Almenar, Chia - Shan Wu, John J Renger, Victor N. Uebele, Hui - Chen Lu, Michael Beierlein (2013) «Biphasic cholinergic synaptic transmission controls action potential activity in thalamic reticular nucleus neurons», Journal of Neuroscience 33: 2048 - 59.

Co-localization of anterograde tracer from the eye and retrograde tracer from Cluster N was observed in lateral and ventral parts of the DLL, the LdOPT and the SpRt of the thalamic Gld.

This putative compass - magnetosensory pathway involves restricted subregions at all levels of the thalamofugal visual pathway: neuronal subpopulations in the retina, ventral parts of the thalamic Gld (lateral and ventral DLL, SpRt, LdOPT) and lateral parts of the visual wulst (Cluster N).

Juan Diego Pita - Almenar, Dinghui Yu, Hui - Chen Lu, Michael Beierlein (2014) «Mechanisms Underlying Desynchronization of Cholinergic - Evoked Thalamic Network Activity», Journal of Neuroscience 34 (43): 14463 - 14474.

D: Confocal 3D - stacks in the thalamic Gld at high magnification indicate direct contact (arrows) between retinofugal fibers (shown in red) and somata / proximal dendrites retrogradely labeled from Cluster N (shown in green).

However, certain areas such as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, some lateral parietal areas, and associated paramedian thalamic nuclei, may constitute strategic crossroads for coordinating the interactions among different sensory maps and frames of reference concerning the body and the environment.

Thalamic Level: All the Swag (shirt, coffee mug) along with your very own roboroach, a spikerbox with RoboRoach recording leads, and a dozen adult living Cockroaches.

Given the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in cognitive control and impulsivity (Gorwood et al. 2000; Mann et al. 2001; Purselle and Nemeroff 2003; Retz et al. 2004; Strobel et al. 2007; Walderhaug et al. 2007; see, however, Clark et al. 2005 for negative evidence), the current findings of greater error - evoked thalamic activity in women seem to indicate a potentially useful intermediate neural phenotype to further elucidate gender differences in depression.

Significance of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus GABAergic Neurons in Normal and Pathological Activity of the Brain

Key: BCC = body corpus callosum; SCC = splenium corpus callosum; CP = cerebral peduncle; PIC = posterior internal capsule; RIC = retrolenticular internal capsule; SCR = superior corona radiata; PTR = posterior thalamic radiation; SS = sagittal stratum; EC = external capsule; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; PCR = posterior corona radiata; ST = stria terminalis; SFOF = superior fronto - occipital fasciculus; UC = uncinate fasciculus; ACR = anterior corona radiata; GCC = genus corpus callosum; CD = Conduct Disorder; CD / CU + = Conduct Disorder with high levels of callous - unemotional traits; CD / CU - = Conduct Disorder with low levels of callous - unemotional traits; HC = Healthy Controls

Structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior thalamic radiation have been associated with deficits in executive functions specifically related to declarative memory, such as the use of strategies during memory retrieval (Van der Werf et al. 2003).

Compared to CD / CU - individuals, participants with CD / CU + showed increased FA and reduced RD and MD (lower diffusivity) in commissural, association tracts and projection / thalamic pathways.

The anterior thalamic radiation comprises fibers that run between medio - dorsal thalamic nuclei and the frontal cortex and also between anterior thalamic nuclei and the anterior cingulate cortices (Catani et al. 2013).

The microstructural properties of the anterior thalamic radiation and IFOF have also been associated with individual differences in empathic abilities (experiencing emotion in response to the perceived emotions of others).

In keeping with Pape et al. (2015) and Zhang et al. (2014a), increased FA and reduced RD in the right ILF, right IFOF, left SLF, various other tracts belonging to the cortico - spinal tract (left cerebral peduncle, bilateral internal capsule), and projection / thalamic pathways (left superior and posterior corona radiate, bilateral thalamic radiation and left external capsule) was found in CD / CU + relative to CD / CU - individuals.

Finally, we found increased FA and reduced RD and MD in projection / thalamic pathways (the left cerebral peduncle, bilateral internal capsule, left superior and posterior corona radiata, bilateral thalamic radiation and left external capsule).