The first was that, although agency depends largely on authorisation, the
existing authority on similar provisions elsewhere in discrimination law established that it is not necessary to show that the act of discrimination was itself specifically authorised by the principal (see Lana v Positive Action Training
Housing (London)[2001] IRLR 501, [2001] All ER (D) 23 (Jun); Victor - Davis v Hackney LBC [2003] UKEAT / 1269/01; and Mahood v
Irish Centre
Housing Ltd [2011] UKEAT / 228/10).