1965 Nicholas J. Shackleton, «The High - Precision
Isotopic Analysis of Oxygen and Carbon in Carbon Dioxide.»
We can determine this from
isotopic analysis of the CO2 molecules found in the air which identifies those molecules resulting from combustion of fossil fuel.
But this is somewhat irrelevant for the bottom line:
isotopic analysis of the carbon in the atmosphere leaves no doubt the excess is due to human emissions of previously fossilized carbon.
According to Hughen et al. (1999),
an isotopic analysis of fossil coral in Indonesia from 124 ka suggest a robust ENSO variability that matches ENSO behaviour in the recent past.
Citation: Pfister CA, McCoy SJ, Wootton JT, Martin PA, Colman AS, Archer D (2011) Rapid Environmental Change over the Past Decade Revealed by
Isotopic Analysis of the California Mussel in the Northeast Pacific.
«The High - Precision
Isotopic Analysis of Oxygen and Carbon in Carbon Dioxide.»
Rapid Environmental Change over the Past Decade Revealed by
Isotopic Analysis of the California Mussel in the Northeast Pacific Catherine A. Pfister, Sophie J. McCoy, J. Timothy Wootton, Pamela A. Martin, Albert S. Colman, David Archer Published: October 03, 2011 DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0025766
(
Isotopic analysis of the oxygen in tooth enamel has also been used to study climate swings, including the onset of the Little Ice Age).
Isotopic analysis of the guano pile in the M?gurici Cave resulted in a near annual record of winter precipitation for the region.
The evidence comes from
an isotopic analysis of 39 species of trees ranging from Inuvik, Northwest Territories, in Canada to Maricao, Puerto Rico.
An isotopic analysis of wood suggests that firs in northern forests can trap heat and keep their needles warmer than the surrounding air.
Isotopic analysis of methane indicates the timing and location of hydrocarbon gas formation in natural settings.
The team was also surprised to find that reconstructions of the environment around Lomekwi at 3.3 million years ago, from the associated animal fossils and
isotopic analyses of the site's soil, indicate the area was much more wooded than paleoenvironments associated with later East African artifact sites from after 2.6 million years.
Not exact matches
The evidence, including
isotopic analysis, shows that the Philistines were a motley crew
of immigrants, possibly pirates, who hailed from many ports, bringing pigs from Europe and donkeys in caravans from Egypt.
Their
analysis showed a 3 - to 4 - ppm (parts per million) difference between the oxygen
isotopic concentrations
of the lunar rocks and the terrestrial basalts, but no significant difference between the lunar samples and terrestrial olivine, a common mineral in Earth's subsurface.
After ScienceInsider revealed last week that scientists were condemning its use
of DNA testing and
isotopic tissue
analysis to decide the fate
of asylum seekers, the U.K. Border Agency has apparently changed its plans.
Today, researchers are able to extract vast amounts
of information using current methods — such as precise digital measurement and categorization
of the bones, examination
of the conditions in which the bone fragments were preserved, as well as
isotopic and genetic
analysis.
This is what the team found in one
of the lunar samples that was abundant enough for
isotopic analysis.
Thanks to Louise Butterworth, Catherine Kneale, James Rolfe and Hannah Zuckswert for assistance with
isotopic analysis at the University
of Cambridge.
Using innovative
isotopic analysis techniques and mathematical modeling, he has shown that Mars is a planetary embryo, found
isotopic similarities between the Moon, Earth and meteorites, and proposed a new narrative for the origin
of Earth's unique iron composition.
Isotopic analyses suggest mammoth and plant in the diet
of the oldest anatomically modern humans from far southeast Europe.
The activities involve the application
of state -
of - the - art methods for
isotopic and trace element
analysis.
Mortimer et al. (2017b) discuss new Ar / Ar and limited U — Pb ages and geochemistry (both trace element and Nd
isotopic analyses)
of widespread volcanism on the northern part
of the Zealandia continent by using dredged samples obtained in different cruises and integrated with their earlier findings on the southern Zealandia in an attempt to give a more updated picture
of magmatism across the whole Zealandia continent.
Two weeks ago researchers reported (see News in BecomingHuman.org) their
analysis of isotopic Strontium indicated the females
of Australopithecus taxa from about 2 million years ago in South Africa ranged more widely than their males and an
analysis published in the Proceedings
of the National Academy
of Sciences this week says tooth wear
analysis indicates the diet
of Homo habilis was more like that
of Australopithecus than later Homo.
These proxy climate data extend Pollen
analysis of a deep - sea core off the Ivory Coast continental margin (at about 4 ° N, 4 ° W) shows thirteen pollen zones, correlated with
isotopic δ 18
Pollen
analysis of a deep - sea core off the Ivory Coast continental margin (at about 4 ° N, 4 ° W) shows thirteen pollen zones, correlated with
isotopic δ 18 Is Dating Really Important?
Isotopic analysis is used in a variety
of fields across the sciences, such as Geology, Biology, Organic Chemistry, and Ecology.
Because carbon cycle processes such as photosynthesis fractionate the heavy isotope 13C from the lighter 12C,
isotopic analysis can usually be used to «trace» sources and sinks
of carbon.
To those that still question Mike's research, know this: since the first hockey stick paper
of 1998, there have been more than a dozen studies published by many scientists using different methodologies (PCA, CPS, EIV,
isotopic analysis, & direct T measurements) that duplicate the hockey stick.
IPCC appeared to be claiming that the weight
of atmospheric CO2 started with the weight
of natural CO2 in 1750, but it never supplied a mass balance
analysis to show that this
isotopic attribution was reasonable.
The science
of isotopic analysis is not a «desperate and dreary «story»», nor is it «mine».
Have you any tracer
analysis showing the movement
of isotopic carbon varieties into buried sediment?
It is appropriate as this point to add that if Bolin & Eriksson's conditions in the last paragraph were true, carbonated beer (Bohren, 1987) and soda «pop» as we know it would be an impossibility with their «buffer» factor (see below); rain and fresh water would not show the observed equilibrium pH
of 5.7 (Krauskopf, 1979); and experiments would not had shown complete
isotopic equilibrium between CO2 and water in just hours, which in turn is the prerequisite for routine stable isotope
analysis involving CO2 (Gonfiantini, 1981).
Last year Dr Nisbet's team used
isotopic analysis and weather models to trace a cloud
of methane over the North Sea not to one
of its many oil rigs but to cows in the county
of Lincolnshire.
However, both the driving force and the climate reconstructions over the pre-industrial era are based on the
analysis of the natural archives
of climate sensitive quantities, such as the growth
of trees and seashells, and the changes
of chemical, biological, and
isotopic compositions in lake sediments and ice core samples.
His dissertation was on the geological origin
of carbonatites based on his
analysis of the
isotopic ratio
of strontium (87Sr / 86Sr).
a.)
Analysis of the Allende meteorite showed that the Solar System formed directly from material that retained the chemical and
isotopic signature
of supernova debris: http://www.omatumr.com/Data/1975Data.htm
Oakwood, the tragedy is not what's happening in science — things there are just as they should be: the field continues to develop new data and refined
analyses, general conclusions have been reached that a very large majority support, based on well - established principles (properties
of CO2, thermodynamics, effects
of warmer air on evaporation...) and data (measures
of CO2 levels, shifts in
isotopic composition
of atmospheric CO2, temperature records — instrumental and proxy,...).
fhhaynie, the web page you link to seems to be primarily concerned with
isotopic analysis, which isn't part
of the mass balance argument.