Sentences with phrase «ko mice»

MAOA knockout (KO) mice display elevated levels of DA, NE and 5 - HT and male KO mice exhibit increased aggressive behavior [8].

The consequence of this in REV - ERB KO mice injected with LPS was hyper - inflation.

Ccr6 in Het and KO mice was detected based on GFP reporter expression.

Therefore, we anticipated an impairment of mammary gland development in Melk KO mice.

In Thy1 - PE labeling experiments, Ccr6 KO mice showed reduced frequencies of labeled cells, a result that was most significant for the Vγ4 + population (Figure 4G).

Given these data, we anticipated an impairment of mammary gland development in Melk KO mice.

Interestingly, the same pattern was observed for corticosterone levels, where both chronic stress paradigms lowered the corticosterone levels of WT mice, while those from Cbg ko mice remained low and unaltered.

We have also found that control and defeated (stressed) Cbg ko mice show no difference in the social interaction test, while defeated WT mice reduce their interaction time when compared to unstressed WT mice.

Both chronic stress paradigms increased the display of despair - like behavior in WT mice, while that from Cbg ko mice - which was already high - was not aggravated.

Watching the video, there is a remarkable difference between Polg WT or KO mice.

On the other hand, the SCP1 expression is detected in germ cells of SCP3 KO mice, though the structure of the synaptonemal complex and localization of SCP1 in the complex are abnormal in comparison to the wild - type germ cells [50].

In addition, the KO mice on the high - fat diet had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and lower triglycerides.

Aging tau KO mice to 23 months resulted in cardiac hypertrophy with significantly attenuated left atrial contractility, increased blood pressure, and sensitivity of isolated mesenteric arteries to angiotensin II contraction and isoprenaline relaxation compared to their younger counterparts.

While Htt null KO mice do not survive to birth (Duyao et al., 1995; Nasir et al., 1995; Zeitlin et al., 1995), mice expressing a 50 % reduction of endogenous htt levels reveal cognitive and motor deficits (Nasir et al., 1995) and significant decreases in the number of neurons in globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus (O'Kusky et al., 1999).

Trans - NIH Mouse Initiatives» Deltagen and Lexicon KO Mice and Phenotype Data — links to key web pages.

Importantly, evaluation of activation markers on peripheral CD8 + T cells showed decreased numbers of naive (CD44loCD62Lhi) T cells in splenocytes of KO mice (Fig. 2C), as has been previously observed (17), which was enhanced in DKO mice.

WT and KO mice were infected with LCMV Armstrong.

Moreover, we have recently shown that interferon - γ (IFN - γ) KO mice, which can not mount classical Th1 immune responses, are nonetheless capable of rejecting corneal allografts (18, 19).

Spleen cells were isolated 7 — 14 days after C57BL / 6 CD4 KO mice had rejected BALB / c corneal allografts and were tested for anti - BALB / c CTL in a conventional 4 - hr 51Cr - release assay using BALB / c corneal epithelial and endothelial target cells.

Studies in CD8 knockout (KO) and perforin KO mice demonstrated that CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are unnecessary for the rejection of corneal allografts in mice (8, 9).

The extensive apoptosis of allogeneic corneal endothelial cells by CD8 − T cells from CD4 KO mice was perplexing, as this cell population should not contain CD4 + cells.

However, in vitro assays using spleen cells from CD4 KO mice that had rejected BALB / c corneal allografts failed to detect CTL activity against donor corneal epithelial or endothelial cells.

Generation of XpdTTD (XPDR722W) and XpdTTD / KO mice has been described previously [21,22].

Histopathological examination of rejected corneal allografts in CD4 KO mice revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate containing large numbers of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, which was indistinguishable from the infiltrate seen in rejected corneal allografts in wild - type mice (data not shown).

In CD4 KO mice, T cell - independent rejection can involve either CD8 + or CD8 − T cells.

Indeed, our results indicate that adoptive transfer of CD8 + T cells from CD4 KO mice that had rejected corneal allografts resulted in the rejection of 95 % of the corneal allografts transplanted to athymic recipients.

Accordingly, spleens were collected from either naïve C57BL / 6 CD4 KO mice or CD4 KO mice that had rejected BALB / c corneal allografts 7 to 14 days earlier.

The CD8 + T cells were already primed, as they were collected from CD4 KO mice that had rejected corneal allografts and thus, may have functioned differently from CD8 + T cells from naïve CD4 KO mice.

The present findings are derived from studies using CD4KO mice and thus, raise the question as to whether the CD4 + T cell - independent immune mechanisms in CD4 KO mice differ from those involved in corneal allograft rejection in wild - type mice whose CD4 + T cells population have been depleted with monoclonal antibodies.

The results of a typical experiment are shown in Figure 3 and demonstrate that even though spleen cells from CD4 KO mice could adoptively transfer corneal allograft rejection, they did not display conventional CTL activity against either BALB / c corneal epithelial or endothelial cells.

Spleen cells were collected from CD4 KO mice 7 — 14 days after they had rejected BALB / c corneal allografts.

The present demonstration of T cell - mediated apoptosis of allogeneic corneal cells from CD4 KO mice is consistent with previous findings, which noted the presence of apoptotic keratocytes and corneal endothelial cells in rejected corneal allografts in humans and rats respectively (5, 32).

By contrast, 71 % (5/7) of the beige nude mice that received spleen cells from CD4 KO mice rejected their BALB / c corneal allografts.

Spleen cell suspensions were collected 7 — 14 days after CD4 KO mice rejected BALB / c corneal allografts.

However, closer scrutiny of these studies raises questions about the role of CD4 + T cells as the sole mediators of corneal graft rejection, as corneal allografts undergo immune rejection in 33 % of the mice and 64 % of the rats treated with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (12, 13) and in 45 % of the CD4 KO mice (14).

The upregulation of Il15 mRNA in skeletal muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice reported in the current study could potentially contribute to the altered body composition observed in these mice (14), as HSA - IL - 15TG mice had lower adiposity and were resistant to high - fat diet — induced obesity (34).

The isometric contractile properties of EDL muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice were also consistent with the adoption of a slower contractile phenotype.

Body weight, skeletal muscle, and organ weights in IL - 15Rα — KO mice.

(G) The percentage of CNFs was significantly greater in TA muscles from IL - 15Ra — KO mice compared with B6129 control.

(B) Absolute twitch force was 27.1 % less in EDL muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice compared with control.

Molecular signature of muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice.

(E) Greater protein abundance for the COX subunit Va in muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice.

Total RNA was isolated from gastrocnemius muscles, spleen, and kidney of IL - 15Rα — KO mice and B6129 control mice as previously described (4).

Collectively, these data provide a molecular signature of muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice that explains, in part, the increased fatigue resistance in the fast EDL muscles along with the increased exercise capacity in these mice.

The fatigue index curve of EDL muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice was shifted to the right during the first 70 seconds of the repeated stimulation protocol, demonstrating the maintenance of isometric force with repeated contractions (Figure 1A).

Fast EDL muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice adopt a more oxidative, fatigue - resistant phenotype.

(D) Greater protein abundance for PPARδ in muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice.

Fast versus slow muscle morphology in IL - 15Rα — KO mice.

Isometric contractile properties of fast muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice display a slower contractile phenotype.

(A) Fast EDL muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice (n = 8) and B6129 control mice (n = 8) were stained for SDH activity, a classical marker of mitochondria.