Afterward, confirmatory factor analyses using the 11 items of the PNS - J as indicators were performed to examine whether the two - factor model — 4 items loaded on the Desire for Structure factor and the other 7 items loaded on the Response to
Lack of Structure factor — fits the data better than the one - factor model.
Not exact matches
A host
of factors, including the siting
of structures on our waterways,
lack of effective monitoring
of our fuel dumps and the indiscriminate dumping
of refuse into our drains conspired to cause that terrible disaster.
In 2005, the identification
of an activating mutation in JAK2 (the V617F mutation) as a STAT5 - activating and disease - causing genetic alteration in a significant proportion
of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has emphasized the oncogenic role
of the JAK tyrosine kinases in hematologic malignancies.2 — 5 JAK2 is a member
of the Janus tyrosine kinase family comprising three other mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2) that associate with cytokine receptors
lacking intrinsic kinase activity to mediate cytokine - induced signal transduction and activation
of STAT transcription
factors.6 All JAKs share a similar protein
structure and contain a tyrosine kinase domain at the C - terminus flanked by a catalytically inactive pseudokinase domain with kinase - regulatory activity, by an atypical SH2 domain and by a FERM domain that mediates association to the membrane - proximal region
of the cytokine receptors.7, 8 Soon after the discovery
of JAK2 V617F, we and others described that activating JAK1 mutations are relatively common in adult patients with T - cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and participate in ALL development allowing for constitutive activation
of STAT5.9 — 11 Several STAT5 - activating JAK1 mutations were also reported in AML and breast cancer patients.10
«Teacher identities and professional histories; departmental
structures; differentiated roles, such as reading specialists and literacy coaches;
lack of teacher preparation to teach literacy skills; arguments over whose responsibility literacy instruction is; competing
factors such as motivation and engagement; disparities between in - and out -
of - school literacy practices; and the increasing demands
of reading to learn all contribute to the stagnation in literacy achievement,» he says.
«anti-rural
factors» —
lack of evaporative cooling from soil and plants,
lack of plant cooling, increased thermal conductivity and capacity from artificial
structures, faster water runoff and sequestration in cities
And while I was once again wowed by technology, I came away persuaded that it is the legal
structure of our system that is our industry's limiting
factor — not the
lack of killer apps.
The total score ranges from 30 to 120, with a higher score indicating greater impulsivity.21 The 25 items
of the Chinese version
of the BIS - 11 have demonstrated good overall internal consistency in Taiwanese adolescents, with a Cronbach's α
of 0.834.19 The
factor structure of the Chinese version
of the BIS - 11 consists
of three
factors: «inability to plan», «
lack of self - control» and «novelty seeking».
In the two -
factor model, items were randomly assigned to 3 parcels within each
of the Desire for
Structure and the Response to
Lack of Structure subscales as displayed in Figure 1.
Only one study [12] contained a
factor analysis that revealed the six
factor structure of the Turkish W - DEQ version B (concerns about pain,
lack of positive behaviours, loneliness,
lack of positive feelings, concerns about childbirth and concerns about the baby)[1].
Many
of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one
of the following ways: (a)
lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility
of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e)
lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases»
of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f)
lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a
factor structure that
lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the
factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies
of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion
of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies
of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature
of the condition rather than an indicator
of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures
of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure
of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
However, most researchers use the W - DEQ version B without examining its
factor structure because they consider that the psychometric
structure of version A and B is homogenous (fear,
lack of anticipation, isolation and riskiness) due to the items being identical [1][11].
Lack of structure or parental supervision, inconsistent discipline practices, and exposure to abuse or community violence have also been identified as
factors which may contribute to the development
of ODD.
Financial deprivation and
lack of structured time were the strongest
factors negatively related to life satisfaction in both partnered and single people.
At the same time, given culture - specific
factors including the authoritative communist political
structure and restricted educational opportunities (Fong 2006), it is likely that vulnerability
factors such as a
lack of perceived control regarding the self, world, and future underscores vulnerability to depression.