In addition, the E3SM project benefits from - DOE programmatic collaborations including the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) and programs in Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC), Climate Model Development and Validation (CMDV), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), International
Land Model Benchmarking Project (iLAMB), Community Earth System Model Community Earth System Model (CESM) and Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) for the Arctic and the Tropics.
While the historical performance of ocean
models can be
benchmarked against global inventories of ocean carbon, only recently have equivalently robust global estimates been developed for some components of
land carbon storage (Saatchi et al 2011) and soils, the largest reservoir, remains very sparsely sampled.