According to the applicants, the EU - wide ban was not aimed at improving the functioning of the internal market, but rather at
safeguarding the welfare of animals, an objective for which no
legal basis
exists within the EU Treaties.
Unlike in Europe and the United States, where data - privacy laws provide a level of protection to consumers, many Africans have little or no recourse if a data breach occurs because often
legal and regulatory
safeguards do not
exist.