In the carbon - intensive scenario, the remaining demand would be met by
liquid coal.
A version of this article appears in print on October 15, 1990, on Page D00001 of the National edition with the headline: Venezuela Pushing «
Liquid Coal».
, A North American overview, Andrew Nikiforuk on Canada's Highway to Hell and Joe Romm on the tar sands — Canada's version of
liquid coal
Here's how this could happen: Without Renewable Alternatives,
Liquid Coal Could Win the Day As world oil reserves begin critically depleting and the necessary investments aren't made to electrify the world's transportation fleet and a larger switch to renewable energy made, then it is likely that use of coal - to - liquids fuels (which have 40 % higher emissions than oil) will rise.
Via:: Herald Tribune, More parched communities ponder desalination solution AND New York Times, Venezuela Pushing «
Liquid Coal» Image credit:: RoPlant, Tampa Bay Florida Reverse Osmosis Plant
Early in the morning of Feb. 26, 1972, approximately 132 million gallons of
liquid coal waste broke through a dam on Pittston Coal Company's facilities.
They are working to protect communities from toxic coal ash, end mountain top removal, get the World Bank to stop funding coal projects, put existing mining protections into action, eliminate dirty coal subsidies, halt the development of
liquid coal, and expose false solutions like carbon capture and sequestration.
In practice, «alternative energy» subsidies have overwhelmingly gone to things like corn ethanol, nuclear energy, «clean coal,» and hydrogen; the way things are going we can expect
liquid coal to hop on the bandwagon as well.
Second, relying on unconventional oil like tar sands and
liquid coal to make up a supply shortage, as the oilmen say we must, would be climate catastrophe.
I object to your opening paragraph relating
the liquid coal process to apartheid and the Nazis.
Why not invest to this clean energy to pursue derty
liquid coal?
It also makes some false solutions look a lot more appealing to the public, like
liquid coal or deforestation diesel, while providing the incentive to use «unconventional oil» such as Canadian tar sands or Arctic National Wildlife Refuge oil.
«The president is opposed to mandatory caps on greenhouse gases, opposing a mandatory 10 -[mile - per - gallon] increase in cars and trucks, opposing a national renewable electricity standard, opposing state efforts to cut emissions from cars, and pushing for new sources of dangerous pollution from
liquid coal,» said Rep. Ed Markey (D — Mass.), chairman of the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, in a statement released after the speech.
But, Scientific American, among others, has argued that
liquid coal could very well be worse than gasoline, both environmentally and economically.
But even if the carbon released during production were somehow captured and sequestered — a technology that remains unproven at any meaningful scale — some studies indicate that
liquid coal would still release 4 to 8 percent more global warming pollution than regular gasoline.
Liquid coal is also a bad economic choice.
The conversion technology is well established (the Germans used it during World War II), and
liquid coal can power conventional diesel cars and trucks as well as jet engines and ships.
As pundits have pointed out, driving a Prius on
liquid coal makes it as dirty as a Hummer on regular gasoline.
Lawmakers of both parties are proposing amendments to the so - called energy independence bill that would massively subsidize the coal industry to produce
liquid coal as a replacement for foreign oil.
But
liquid coal comes with substantial environmental and economic negatives.
Not exact matches
Consider this: One tablespoon of
liquid hydrogen fuel — a mix of deuterium and tritium — would produce the same energy as 28 tons of
coal.
While power generation can be shifted to other energy sources rather than
coal, it's not so easy to find substitutes for
liquid transportation fuels like petrol, diesel fuel, or jet fuel.
Section 2 (1) of Bill 12 refers to refined products which (oddly) do not fall under the primary production from natural resources, which are defined so as to include crude oil and natural gas but, «not a product resulting from refining crude oil, refining upgraded heavy crude oil, refining gases or
liquids derived from
coal or refining a synthetic equivalent of crude oil.»
Although Obama supports clean
coal and
coal to
liquid if they can emit 20 % less carbon over their life cycle then traditional fuels.
It currently offers futures and options contracts on
coal, crude oil, refined products, electricity, emissions, liquified natural gas, natural gas, natural gas
liquids and petrochemicals offered on its ICE Futures US, ICE Futures Europe, ICE Futures Singapore, ICE OTC platform, ICE Endex and Trayport markets.
These excluded products consisted of «manufactured products» (inapplicable in the present context) and products «resulting from refining crude oil, refining upgraded heavy crude oil, refining gases or
liquids derived from
coal or refining a synthetic equivalent of crude oil».
Our natural gas and power markets meet the hedging needs of North American and European energy market participants and are offered alongside our crude and refined oil,
coal, natural gas
liquids and other emerging energy markets.
This will require building a
liquid CO2 infrastructure comparable to the national highway system as well as assessing which
coal - burning technologies work best with which carbon capture technologies.
Sequestration, as envisioned in the report, involves capturing the CO2 from
coal - fired power plants, compressing it into a
liquid and injecting it deep beneath the earth into old oil fields or saline aquifers.
Both the Air Force in December and Airbus earlier this month completed flights powered by synfuel —
liquid jet fuel made from
coal or natural gas.
In the one case, it is replaced with
coal - based
liquid fuels and in the other with renewable resources, such as wind, solar, or nuclear power.
Already, the first alternative fuel for jets has been certified for use worldwide by the American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM)--
coal turned to
liquid jet fuel by South Africa's SASOL.
But the environmental price tag of biofuels now joins the ranks of other, cheaper domestic fuel sources — such as
coal - to -
liquid fuel — as major sources of globe - warming pollution as well as unintended social consequences.
Efforts such as GreenGen bode well for resolving those complaints, but China is also moving ahead with efforts to turn
coal into
liquid fuel — a costly transformation that emits twice as much CO2 as does simply burning the black rock and consumes yet more energy.
«Put as little as 20 percent biofuel into nonrenewable fuels —
coal - to -
liquid and gas - to -
liquid — you can be carbon neutral in a mix,» CAAFI's Altman says.
But no operating
coal - to -
liquid plants exist in the U.S., and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology estimate it will cost $ 70 billion to build enough plants to replace 10 percent of American gasoline consumption.
Senator Jeff Bingaman, Democrat of New Mexico, opposed big subsidies for
coal - based fuels until mid-June, when he moved to offer up to $ 10 billion in loans for
coal - to -
liquid plants.
Congressional and industry proponents of
coal - to -
liquid plants argue that the same technologies that may someday capture and store emissions from
coal - fired plants will also be available to
coal - to -
liquid plants.
In early 2007 he co-sponsored the
Coal - to - Liquid Fuel Promotion Act of 2007 as a measure to lessen dependence on foreign oil by turning coal into automobile f
Coal - to -
Liquid Fuel Promotion Act of 2007 as a measure to lessen dependence on foreign oil by turning
coal into automobile f
coal into automobile fuel.
He also supports utilizing
coal - to -
liquid systems.
CCS turns carbon dioxide into a
liquid form of carbon, which oil and
coal extraction companies then pump into underground geological formations and wells and cap; millions of tons of carbon are already being stored this way each year.
Across the nation, at least 16
coal - to -
liquids projects have been built, are under construction or are in advanced planning stages.
As Jiang explained, the efficiency of
coal conversion technologies remains low, and
coal - derived
liquid fuels or
coal - based synthetic gas have lost their price advantage due to falling prices for conventional energy sources.
Finally, taking a more worldly view, they estimated replacing
coal - fired power plants in Japan with
liquid - natural - gas plants that burn fuel imported from the United States would also be a net - plus for the environment, with a 15 percent emissions savings.
The flammable
liquid with a gasoline - like odor is found in
coal tar and petroleum, as well as tobacco smoke.
China is following suit, according to a news story in the same issue of Science, launching the Erdos
coal - to -
liquid plant in Inner Mongolia that will capture some of its 3.6 million metric tons of CO2 emissions and use it to flush out oil from nearby fields.
Workers heat, pressurize and process
coal into diesel and other needed fuels, leaving
liquid carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
The clue is hidden in a
coal - to -
liquids plant here, deep in northern China's Gobi Desert.
But rather than searching for ways to stretch the oil we still have — like a modern Hanukkah — it makes more sense to accelerate development of clean alternatives such as electric cars or biofuels from algae — and avoid dirty ones like turning
coal or tar sands to
liquid fuels.
These alternatives include
liquids from both renewable (plants) and nonrenewable (
coal and natural gas) sources that are better than an oil refinery on a greenhouse gas (GHG) life - cycle basis.