Sentences with phrase «lower than observations»

IPCC Predictions For Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise Lower Than Observations Then there is the fact that when the IPCC reanalyzes the data — as Climate Progress urges them to do for all sea level rise and ice melt projections — the revised predictions may very well be higher than originally expected.

92.2 Gt - C = 70 (preindustrial) +22.2 Gt - C to 80 Gt - C = 60 (preindustrial) +20 Gt - C while the absorption by terrestrial vegetation went up from 122.6 Gt - C = 120 (preindustrial) + 2.6 Gt - C to 123 Gt - C = 108.9 (preindustrial) + 14.1 Gt - C; the change from 2.6 to 14.1 reflects a reassessment of the fertilization by the additional CO2 in the air since the 277 ppm assumed for the «preindustrial», but is still a factor 2 or 3 lower than the observations between 1960 and 2010 related by the papers of Graven & Keeling, Myneni, Donohue, Pretzsch, Hansen and Sun referenced at the end of card n ° 1 (footnote 19).

Not exact matches

Our observations of reduced fever at 1 month and reduced stuffy nose at 6 months associated with nonprone sleep positions are consistent with this hypothesis, as is the reported observation that adults with upper respiratory tract infections have lower nasal bacterial counts after lying supine for 1 hour vs lying prone for 1 hour.11 Also, infants sleeping supine swallow more frequently than infants sleeping prone in response to a pharyngeal fluid stimulus, suggesting more effective clearing of nasopharyngeal secretions in the supine position and, hence, less potential for eustachian tube obstruction and fewer ear infections.12

The most wickedly indiscreet and elegant political memoirs since those of former Tory Minister Alan Clark (Mail on Sunday) These are the sharpest and most revealing political diaries since Alan Clark's (Simon Hoggart Guardian) The best first - hand account of the Blair years so far (Andy McSmith Independent 2009-03-13) A great read, more Alan Clark than Tony Benn, full of acute and dry observation, especially on the lower end of ministerial life.

For certain lots, he says, his scientific observations have led him to ferment at a lower temperature than he used to.

«The observation that women are often infected with more mutated viruses than men shows that the transmission barrier is higher when infecting men and lower for women,» Hunter says.

The study also explains why climate models usually simulate a lower sensitivity than can be detected in observations.

Observations and results Did the character in the higher - resolution box (32 by 32 pixels) have more detail and overall look more realistic than the character in the lower - resolution box (eight by eight pixels)?

That means it appeared to be less than two meters in diameter, contained so little dust as to remain virtually transparent, and lasted just slightly longer than five seconds, which is the low - end cutoff duration for logging a dust devil in a day's record of observations.

«These seemed to indicate that the region of the sky chosen for our observations had dust polarisation much lower than the detected signal.»

It was found that complex II activity significantly declined with age, per unit of mitochondria, in the cells derived from the lower rather than the upper levels, an observation not previously reported for human skin.

Meteorological systems are an exception to this rule, with extreme events appearing at a much higher rate than could be predicted from long - term observation at much lower magnitude.

Small arrays at lower elevations have probed the sky since the 1980s, but atmospheric moisture made observations difficult at wavelengths shorter than 3 millimetres.

Previous observations of superluminous supernovae found they typically reside in low - mass or dwarf galaxies, which tend to be less enriched in metals than more massive galaxies.

The proportion of dwarf novae may be lower than found in catalogs, or they may have a much smaller duty cycle in general as proposed by some population synthesis models and recent observations in the field.

The image also suggests that low mass brown dwarfs — objects that have the awkward distinction of being too large to be called planets and too small to be categorized as stars — may be more common than observations so far suggest.

By combining observations from NASA's Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, researchers determined that, unlike Neptune and Uranus, the exoplanet has relatively low metallicity, an indication of the how rich the planet is in all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

Observations in high frequency bands require better weather conditions than observations in lower freqObservations in high frequency bands require better weather conditions than observations in lower freqobservations in lower frequency bands.

Although the emission frequency of the more distant objects becomes lower due to the expansion of the universe, the ALMA Telescope is designed to receive millimeter waves in a frequency range lower than submillimeter waves observed this time, which means this identification method can be applied to objects even 10 billion light years away and will be a competent observation method in the ALMA Era when there will be a dramatic advancement in the research of distant galaxies.

It is, however, not clear from these observations if all superflare stars have activity levels higher than the Sun, as the Ca II line at 8,542 Å is insensitive to activity at activity levels lower than or compared with the activity level of the Sun31, 32.

However, these observations have been seen as the exception rather than the norm because of the low - level contribution observed.

However, satellite observations are notably cooler in the lower troposphere than predicted by climate models, and the research team in their paper acknowledge this, remarking: «One area of concern is that on average... simulations underestimate the observed lower stratospheric cooling and overestimate tropospheric warming... These differences must be due to some combination of errors in model forcings, model response errors, residual observational inhomogeneities, and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability in the observations.»

The observations show a bluer disc colour and a lower degree of polarisation for projected distances < 40au than predicted by the models.

What this means is that from an observation standpoint, females intuitively can consume less carbs during actual training (which should not be taken as instructions for females to eat lower carbs than guys in general).

An observation linking phytate consumption with good bone health is much more likely to be a result of the participants adapting to their high - phytate diet via lessening their calcium excretion — just because phytates chelate some of the nutrients doesn't mean that a high - phytate diet can't be better for bone health than a terrible low - phytate diet (think refined grains, poor fats, low calcium, low vitamin D, and so on).

Similar fructose increases have been reported in healthy volunteers who consumed fructose loads between 0.5 and 0.75 g / kg34 and in individuals who consumed fructose - sweetened beverages with mixed meals.35 Leptin and ghrelin levels were indistinguishable following acute ingestion of glucose or fructose, a finding possibly attributable to the short time interval of observation; leptin levels typically change 4 to 6 hours after glucose administration.36 Although fructose was previously reported to be less effective than glucose in suppressing ghrelin, such differences may be attributable to the different conditions and timing of ghrelin measurements.10 Little is known about the acute PYY response to fructose ingestion compared with glucose ingestion, although 1 study in rats found higher rather than lower PYY levels after 24 hours of glucose but not fructose feeding.11 Whether such disparities are related to study design or species differences remains uncertain.

After all, we've shown that teachers who are assigned poorly prepared students get lower classroom observation ratings than teachers who are assigned high achieving students, and we've said that is unfair and needs to be corrected.

Likewise, if a teacher is performing well on the classroom observations and student surveys but had lower - than - expected student - achievement gains, a school leader might give the teacher the benefit of the doubt for another year and hope that student achievement gains will rise.

A single classroom observation has lower reliability than a value - added measure, but a combination of four classroom observations yields a higher reliability of about 0.65.

Officials have made several other changes to the system, including giving teachers the opportunity to have their lowest observation score dropped (if it's less than the average of the others).

After reviewing results of the written classroom observation test the instructors of the course said that students» scores seemed lower than they would have expected, but that it was difficult to interpret the raw test scores.

Teachers with students with higher incoming achievement levels receive classroom observation scores that are higher on average than those received by teachers whose incoming students are at lower achievement levels, and districts do not have processes in place to address this bias.

Instead, they can be used to give low - rated teachers more training or principal observations, rather than pink slips.

For some reason, it seemed as if this Forester sits a bit lower than our long - termer; that's not a complaint, just an observation.

The low - volatility anomaly [Note 1] is the observation that portfolios of low - volatility stocks have higher risk - adjusted returns than portfolios with high - volatility stocks in most markets studied.

Waters freely manipulates images of less - than sacred, low - brow references — Elizabeth Taylor's hairstyles, Justin Bieber's preening poses, his own self - portraits, and pictures of individuals brought into the limelight through his films — to entice viewers to connect to his astute and provocative observations about society.

Their results do not deviate much from previous work when it comes to the most recent period with modern instrumental observations, but Shapiro et al. obtain substantially lower radiance during the Maunder minimum than previous estimates.

Prior to 1983, there had never been an observation below 200 DU and so values lower than 180 DU were out of calibration range for the sensor.

Since OHC uptake efficiency associated with surface warming is low compared with the rate of radiative restoring (increase in energy loss to space as specified by the climate feedback parameter), an important internal contribution must lead to a loss rather than a gain of ocean heat; thus the observation of OHC increase requires a dominant role for external forcing.

They do cite a study by Lindzen and Choi, which has shown, based on ERBE satellite observations, that the net impact of a doubling of CO2 including all feedbacks is likely to be significantly lower than the model - based estimates by Myhre for sensitivity without feedbacks.

And, as the satellite observations of Spencer and Braswell showed, as the planet warms over a period of several months, clouds act as a net negative feedback (the reflecting low - altitude clouds increase more than the absorbing high - altitude clouds with warming).

Talking about real world or observations, we can not still be certain that the TCS would be lower than ECS.

What makes this year unique is that the 2012 minimum is lower than any since modern satellite observations first began in the late 1970's — and by a wide margin.

The GRACE observations over Antarctica suggest a near - zero change due to combined ice and solid earth mass redistribution; the magnitude of our GIA correction is substantially smaller than previous models have suggested and hence we produce a systematically lower estimate of ice mass change from GRACE data: we estimate that Antarctica has lost 69 ± 18 Gigatonnes per year (Gt / yr) into the oceans over 2002 - 2010 — equivalent to +0.19 mm / yr globally - averaged sea level change, or about 6 % of the sea - level change during that period.

Other studies indicate that models with strongly positive low - cloud feedback are more consistent with observations than models with weakly positive or negative feedback (Qu et al. 2014, 2015b, Myers and Norris 2016).

The scientists, using computer models, compared their results with observations and concluded that global average annual temperatures have been lower than they would otherwise have been because of the oscillation.

It's very clear from the following graph that temperatures are lower in recent months (in fact, lower than at any point) than they were a decade ago, according to any of the four main observations.

Quantitatively, Vasskog et al. estimate that during this time (the prior interglacial) the GrIS was «probably between ~ 7 and 60 % smaller than at present,» and that that melting contributed to a rise in global sea level of «between 0.5 and 4.2 m.» Thus, in comparing the present interglacial to the past interglacial, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are currently 30 % higher, global temperatures are 1.5 - 2 °C cooler, GrIS volume is from 7 - 67 % larger, and global sea level is at least 0.5 - 4.2 m lower, none of which observations signal catastrophe for the present.

Our estimate of greenhouse - gas - attributable warming is lower than that derived using only 1900 — 1999 observations.

This carbon budget is still considerably higher than the IPCC's estimate, suggesting that approaches informed by observations are important to correct for too - low estimates in the models.