Sentences with phrase «lower fertility»

Natural environment cues may encourage a slower life - history strategy, e.g. lower fertility but greater parental investment per child, and urban environments a faster life - history strategy, e.g. higher fertility and lower parental investment per child.

Slow life - history strategies are characterized by greater somatic investment, delayed sexual development and reproduction, lower fertility and heavy investment in each offspring.

Using experimental methods researchers have found support for: childhood stress (§ 6b) and father absence (§ 6c) lowering preferred age at first birth and increasing sexual risk taking [45,53]; attachment style (§ 6e) influencing parenthood - related thoughts [60]; cultural norms (§ 6m) discouraging reproduction outside stable unions [12]; women's reproductive autonomy (§ 6i) influencing their fertility preferences [47]; paternity uncertainty (§ 6j) discouraging parental investment by men [55]; high cost of children (§ 6l) encouraging delayed reproduction and lower fertility [36,47]; resource stress and limitation (§ 6o) affecting mating preferences [12,36,40,51]; and mortality risk and salience (§ 6p) encouraging a greater interest in children, earlier reproduction and higher fertility [6,41,42,45,57 — 59].

Therefore, we do not know whether the drop in well - being around the first birth and the subsequent lower probability of having a second child is due to lower fertility intentions or a less positive attitude toward childbearing in the first place or whether new parents are revising their fertility intentions.

Alternatively, even if there were no differences in how fertility intentions are revised, high - SES parents may be better at meeting their lower fertility preferences with contraceptives than their low - SES counterparts (Ranjit et al. 2001).

High - SES women may also be more effective at implementing lower fertility preferences through contraception after learning from negative parenting experiences (Ranjit et al. 2001).

The agency did not recommend countries set limits on how many children people should have, but said: «Women with access to reproductive health services... have lower fertility rates that contribute to slower growth in greenhouse gas emissions.»

The major advantage of forests and trees as a source of biomass is their lower energy inputs and their ability to grow on sites with lower fertility than those required for agriculture.

The second is that the demographic transition is irreversible such that once countries start down the path to lower fertility they can not reverse to higher fertility.

Growing evidence also suggests that Prof Rosling's reliance on the theory of «Demographic Transition» — in which countries moving out of poverty experience lower fertility rates — is misplaced.

That a group of women did achieve a family size close to replacement (an average of about 2.1 children is required to insure the same population in the next generation) several decades ago when contraceptive techniques were less sophisticated than even today's unsatisfactory variety is compelling testimony to the fact that lower fertility is attainable even without a revolution in contraceptive technology.

A soy based diet is also linked to lower fertility and demasculinization of men.

Higher levels of fluoride correspond to lower fertility rates, particularly with drinking water levels of 3 ppm.

Long term effects of a low testosterone level include decreased muscle and bone strength, lower energy and lower fertility.

In fact, when we use testosterone replacement therapy, it can actually hinder your sperm production and lower your fertility.

Later, low testosterone can lead to decreased muscle and bone strength, less energy, and lower fertility.

Studies also show that DEHP can interfere with the function of the male endocrine system, affect sexual development, and lower fertility in mice and rats.

The troubling link between pesticide exposure and fertility isn't new; scientists have already established that people who work with pesticides tend to have lower fertility than people who don't.

There is simply no very reliable way to project fertility, and in particular the rapidity of the «demographic transition» whereby people tend to opt for lower fertility as the societies they participate in get richer.

Because resources are limited, a bigger thorax should mean a smaller abdomen — and lower fertility, says Hughes.

For the new study, Lutz's team used a spread of lower fertility rates that they say are more regionally realistic.

Women who smoke have a lower fertility rate, higher miscarriage rates, and deliver smaller weight babies.

The study's lead author, Elizabeth Hatch, said, «We found positive associations between intake of sugar - sweetened beverages and lower fertility, which were consistent after controlling for many other factors, including obesity, caffeine intake, alcohol, smoking and overall diet quality.»

Lower fertility rates around the world could keep it that way for many years.

We have also made advancements in reducing extreme poverty and hunger,» the scientists wrote, adding that we've made progress in lowering fertility rates too — largely by improving girls» and women's education.

Low fertility, the one - child policy and the cost of raising children in a system without adequate maternity facilities have all caused the birth rate to fall just as more old people are living longer.

«A first analysis of the Iran 2006 census results shows a sensationally low fertility level of 1.9 for the whole country and only 1.5 for the Tehran area (which has about 8 million people),» Tehran University demographer Mohammad Jalal Abbasi - Shavazi recently observed.

The soils are mostly granitic sandy loam and are of low fertility and water holding capacity - perfect for limiting excessive vine vigor and producing well balanced and varietally true wines.

Energy drinks lowered fertility even more dramatically.

Even though older women have low fertility rates, they are more likely to conceive twins.

It includes information on low fertility, stress, breastfeeding, and pre-menopause.

Efforts needed to avoid two extremes Wilmoth said low fertility could be viewed as just as difficult a challenge as high birth rates because governments have to deal with rapidly aging populations and fewer children to replace them.

The continent has the lowest fertility rate and the most elderly population in the world, and this population will soon start to shrink.

Economic growth is generally believed to be one of the key drivers of lowering fertility rates, but Obaid argues that education and access to family - planning services are more influential on population levels.

Ironically, even as the U.S. has sharply cut back its efforts on helping poor countries to reduce fertility rates, the evidence is overwhelming that rapid, voluntary and highly beneficial transitions to low fertility rates are possible.

First, the researchers show how growing native perennial species on marginal lands - land not used for food production because of low fertility or other reasons — avoids competition with food security, and provides the greatest potential for climate mitigation and biodiversity benefits.

Some countries with low fertility, such as Austria, Switzerland, or Spain prior to the 2008 recession, have experienced robust population growth driven by immigration during the recent decades.

Some apps tell you whether or not you need to use backup birth control options, and others simply give you a high, medium, or low fertility score.

The researchers note that they couldn't determine exactly why stress lowers fertility, but they do suggest that if you're trying to conceive, practicing yoga, meditation, or mindfulness may help balance out frazzled feelings.

Remember that relatively high vaginal readings indicate high progesterone levels and / or low estrogen levels, which often indicates low fertility.

To repeat: high vaginal readings = high progesterone levels = low fertility.

Irrefutable evidence shows that high fluoride consumption is directly associated to gastrointestinal problems, low fertility, thyroid and endocrine related ailments and even cancer.

These may include abnormal growth patterns, hyperactivity, insomnia, loss of appetite, taste or smell, anemia, low fertility rates, skin rashes or high blood pressure.

Juniper causes uterine spasms and could result in lowered fertility for those who are attempting to get pregnant.

As pomegranates powerful antioxidant content has such a high impact on oxidative stress (which lowers fertility in women and can cause sperm dysfunction in men), it makes it a great aid for boosting fertility.

Under conditions characterized by high - progesterone levels and low fertility (e.g. in the luteal phase or early pregnancy), women express stronger preferences for social cues associated with direct benefits of mate choice.

The study had volunteering women view online dating profiles during periods of both high and low fertility.

«Low fertility enabled mothers to get paid work, and thus gain the ability to demonstrate their filiality by providing their own parents with financial support,» Fong says.

This is probably because low fertility rates plus an ageing workforce, taxation and consumption have been persistent problems.

Male dogs with underactive thyroids at the time of puberty develop atrophied testicles and lowered sperm levels, causing low fertility and poor breeding capacity.