Also new
is the electronic differential, which can divert torque to the outside rear wheel if the tail begins to slide instead of relying on the electronic stability system to brake the inside rear wheel.
Among the car's new features
is an electronic differential taken from the sixth - generation Golf GTi, as well as a system that allows you to alter the character of the steering and throttle mapping with eco, sport, normal and individual modes.
Also new in the Mk6 GTI
is an electronic differential called XDS.
Introduce that response to a less - than - perfect road surface, and the MINI will follow cambers and tramline slightly under throttle; there
's electronic differential locking as part of the MINI Clubman's expansive electronic control repertoire, however, a mechanical system would be more capable of handling the torque delivery.
Not exact matches
A second article describing the research, «Graphene's morphology and
electronic properties from discrete
differential geometry,»
was published March 6 as a rapid communication in the journal Physical Review B.
Also included as standard on all diesel Colorados
are the smart diesel exhaust brake system, a special Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorber to reduce noise and vibration, the Z82 trailering package with a hitch receiver and seven - pin connector, a trailer brake controller, a G80 automatic locking rear
differential with a 3.42 axle ratio, and two - speed
electronic transfer case for four - wheel - drive models.
The standard 2016 Mercedes - AMG C63 features a mechanical limited - slip locking
differential at the rear while the uprated C63
S benefits from a more precise
electronic rear
differential.
Standard Equipment: 2.0 - liter turbocharged four - cylinder engine 6 - speed manual transmission
Electronic stability control Traction control 4 - wheel disc brakes with ABS Tire pressure monitoring system Track - tuned suspension calibration Front strut tower brace 19 - inch wheels Brembo brake calipers Torsen limited - slip
differential Air conditioning Power windows / locks / mirrors Leather - wrapped steering wheel Leather shift knob
AM / FM / XM / CD / MP3 audio system 6 speakers iPod / USB / Auxiliary input Options on this vehicle: Carpeted floor mats — $ 105 Cargo net — $ 50 iPod cable — $ 35 Key options not on vehicle: Rear spoiler — $ 295
The
electronic differential is now helped by an integrated F1 - Trac system, which
is said to «improve both mechanical grip and the control of the car on the limit.»
The 20mm - wider track in front and 40mm - wider track in the rear add poise to the platform, and there
's cornering magic in the Haldex - 4 all - wheel - drive system, notably the force - vectoring,
electronic limited - slip
differential in the rear.
Matching the CTS - V's ridiculous power and torque
are bespoke Michelin Pilot Super Sport tires, Brembo brakes, magnetic suspension, active handling, an
electronic limited - slip
differential, and weight - saving measures like its carbon - fiber hood.
Perhaps most surprising
is the traction available on the exit of a bend, the combination of wide rubber and a clever
electronic differential helping to fire you explosively along the next straight.
Its interventions
are smoother and more effective than those of the previous
electronic differential lock, which responded to one - wheel peel after the fact and with a heavy hand.
When the twist action reaches the rear wheels, it
is channeled through a mechanical
differential lock which works chip in hand with the
electronic torque vectoring device.
The grip
is absolutely massive, and the
electronic - locking rear
differential, coupled with the ability to shift power to the front axle (but not from wheel to wheel) further helps the beast bite into the tightest of corners.
The engine makes 479 lb - ft of torque, and the 2016 Mercedes - AMG GT
S comes standard with an
electronic locking
differential.
Mercedes» 4Matic
is particularly sophisticated; it uses a fixed 45/55 percent torque split with open
differentials at each axle, relying on
electronic intervention and manipulation of the brakes to move the vehicle forward when a wheel starts slipping.
XDS
is sort of an
electronic substitute for a mechanical limited - slip
differential that measures data from each wheel sensor; if it feels less pressure on one wheel than the other, the system applies braking to the driven inside wheel to reduce understeer.
MSRP (with destination): $ 31,970 PRICE AS TESTED: $ 37,805 ENGINE: 3.6 - liter DOHC V - 6 Horsepower: 285 hp @ 6400 rpm Torque: 260 lb - ft @ 4800 rpm TRANSMISSION: 5 - speed automatic DRIVE: Four - wheel WHEELS AND TIRES: 18 - inch aluminum wheels 255 / 70SR -18 Bridgestone Dueler A / T tires FUEL ECONOMY (city / highway / combined): 16/20/18 mpg CURB WEIGHT: 4294 lb CAPACITIES: Doors / Passengers: 4/5 Cargo (rear seats up / down): 46.4 / 86.8 cu ft Legroom (front / rear): 41.0 / 37.2 in Headroom (front / rear): 41.3 / 40.4 in Towing: 2000 lb EXTERIOR / INTERIOR COLOR: Black / Black STANDARD FEATURES: 6 - speed manual transmission Stability and traction control Hill start assist Roll mitigation Part - time four - wheel drive 3.21 rear axle ratio Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates Cruise control 115V auxiliary power outlet Air conditioning 7 - speaker Infinity audio system w / subwoofer Auxiliary audio jack SiriusXM satellite radio w / one - year subscription Tilt steering wheel Temperature gauge and compass Leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls Height - adjustable driver's seat 60 / 40 - split folding rear seats Rear compartment covered storage OPTIONS ON THIS VEHICLE: Altitude Edition - $ 2995 18 - inch painted aluminum wheels Black Jeep grille badge Front and rear bumper body - color appliques Gloss black interior accents Red interior stitching accents Altitude floor mats and hood decal Heated front seats Body - color 3 - piece hardtop Mopar fuel filler door Freedom panel storage bag Rear window washer, wiper, and defroster Connectivity group - $ 385 USB port
Electronic vehicle information center UConnect voice control w / Bluetooth 5 - speed automatic transmission - $ 1125 Hill descent control Track - Lok rear limited slip
differential - $ 295 UConnect 430N - $ 1035 40 GB hard drive w / 28 available GB SiriusXM travel link w / one - year subscription 6.5 - inch touchscreen display Navigation KEY OPTIONS NOT ON THIS VEHICLE: Dual top group - $ 890 Trailer tow group - $ 295 3.73 rear axle ratio - $ 95 ADDITIONAL SPECS: This
is the one of the top - tier Wrangler Unlimited trim levels, only trumped in price by the «Call of Duty: MW3 Edition» Wrangler Unlimited model.
The C63 variants
are also differentiated from the C43 by their drivetrain setup; the C43
is rear - biased all - wheel drive, while the C63s
are old - school rear - wheel drive with an
electronic limited - slip
differential.
There
's no limited sip
differential option, but there
is an
electronic system that uses the brakes to replicate the effect.
There
's a motorsport - derived Drexler limited - slip diff operating on the front axle, and unlike its hot hatch rivals, the Astra
's is a proper mechanical plate
differential, rather than an
electronic item.
The
S model receives an
electronic limited - slip
differential that reduces inside wheel speed during cornering acceleration and stabilizes the rear end during hard braking.
The Civic understeers where the GTI rotates, and its mechanical limited slip
differential isn't as adept at keeping the inner front wheel from spinning as
is the GTI's
electronic setup.
The traction control system has enjoyed a refresh, too; a «GP racing» mode utilises the Mini's
electronic faux -
differential and brakes the inside wheel during especially committed cornering, no longer cutting engine power, something the standard JCW's keen DSC
is too eager to do.
Track composure
is also aided by Aston's first use of an
electronic differential, which can apply up to 2,500 newton meters (1,843 lb - ft) of clamping force to help stabilize the car.
Among the goodies Porsche still charges extra for
are the paddleshift steering wheel, the highly desirable dual - clutch transmission, carbon - ceramic brakes, cruise control, a sunroof,
electronic torque vectoring in conjunction with a passive limited - slip
differential, and the indispensable Sport Chrono package, which includes active engine mounts and an overboost function.
The brakes
were a letdown though, having to work double - time on the track, both slowing the car and controlling its wheelspin via the
electronic limited - slip
differential.
The yellow Z06
is stuffed with what looks like Mars Rover lab gear beneath the hatch — data - gathering equipment for the new active
electronic differential, dubbed eLSD.
Switching into off - road mode on the center - mounted rotary dial proves a good decision, optimizing the all - wheel drive Tiguan SEL Premium we
were driving for the terrain with a flatter acceleration curve, unique ABS setting, later meddling from the stability control and traction control systems, and greater locking ratio for the center
electronic differential lock.
There
's an
electronic locker in the rear
differential, and a Torsen limited - slip unit up front.
Standard Equipment: 2.5 - liter turbocharged boxer 4 - cylinder engine 5 - speed manual transmission Vehicle dynamics control All - wheel drive Locking center
differential Traction control 4 - wheel disc brakes with ABS
Electronic brake force distribution HID headlamps Power moonroof Leather trimmed seats Heated front seats Steering wheel - mounted audio controls
AM / FM stereo with single CD player and 6 speakers Auxiliary audio input jack XM satellite radio Bluetooth connectivity iPod and USB adapter Options on this vehicle: None Key options not on vehicle: Touch - screen GPS navigation — $ 2000 Auto - dimming rearview mirror — $ 165
Thanks to the usual
electronic aids you can disable for track - day use (but revive themselves if the sensors detect imminent disaster) and the Active
M electronically controlled multi-plate limited - slip
differential, the
M2 driver can explore his or her own limits in confidence that it'll still take you home.
There
's also an
electronic limited slip
differential (eLSD) to measure out power to each of the 19 - inch wheels.
The 4 × 4 screen setting showed us when one wheel
was spinning and off the ground, what angles and slopes we
were at, as well as offering advice about whether or not to engage the rear
electronic - locking
differential.
The Active
M electronic rear
differential is working silently as he sails off beyond the crest of a hilltop and around a cliffside.
Though the 2016 Chevrolet Camaro SS features a traditional, mechanical limited - slip
differential rather than the more sophisticated
electronic setup in the Cadillac ATS - V, the Chevy
is still a pussycat at the limit.
For more than twice the price, the GT3
RS has 115 more horses, a close - ratio seven - speed dual - clutch PDK gearbox, rear - wheel steering, and an
electronic limited - slip
differential (eLSD).
Even more magic lies within the Golf
R's AWD system, since brake - based
electronic front and rear
differentials can vary torque from one side of the car to the other depending on available traction, such as on icy surfaces.
But as more engine torque
is called upon by the driver, the Haldex's
electronic brain does the math by registering axle loads, tire slip and steering angle, then commands the fast - acting electro - hydraulic center
differential to continuously vary torque distribution to enhance rear traction with a torque split that
is biased to the rear wheels by as much as 100 percent.
It uses the same tech as the regular Mito hatchback, meaning the DNA dynamics trickery
is standard while the
electronic Q2
differential system should have a good go of channelling all those horses through the front wheels, a problem that afflicted the 247bhp 147 GTA.
The
electronic differential and stability control systems have also
been revised, the latter gaining a more lenient «Trac DSC» mode.
Standard equipment
is acceptable rather than generous: you get LED daytime running lights and headlights, air conditioning, 17 - inch wheels, an XDS +
electronic differential lock (taken from the Golf) and array of Polo GTI styling cues.
A big part of the Caddy's track competence
is the fantastic traction and stability control system, working in tandem with the standard
electronic limited - slip
differential.
I initially thought this had something to do with the tuning of the
electronic rear
differential, but a chat with a V - series engineer revealed that it
's related to the rear suspension geometry of the ATS.
The conspicuously large vents on the car
are functional, helping to cool the engine, the Brembo brakes, the transmission, and the
electronic limited - slip
differential.
And where the V6
S has a passive locking rear
differential, the V8
S gets the active
electronic differential we first saw in the XKR -
S.
Unlike the new Focus
RS's all - wheel drive setup, the Mini's All4 layout appears to
be designed more for safety than fun, though an
electronic locking
differential on the front axle should make it suitable for performance driving too.
KAM heavy duty axles with
electronic locking
differentials front and rear improve the Defender's already considerable off - road ability, while the suspension
is overhauled with adjustable King Off - Road Racing shocks, a 2» lift from Old Man Emu coil springs, and an upgraded steering damper.
The front and rear axles have
been upgraded to beefier American Axle Manufacturing units, both with
electronic differential locks.