Sentences with phrase «mecp2 gene duplications»

Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes of the next generation of organism, which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..

If you're talking about gene duplication, it drops to about 95 %.

At the heart of your Behe article are two concessions which simply don't support ID: 1) the ability of evolution to produce functional novelty via gene duplication / mutation and exaptation exists; and 2) that evidence of «new information» in the form of «new Functional Coded elemenTs, or «FCTs»» also exists.

In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.

Pollock says that snakes» genomes may be unusually prone to change because they contain many repeated sequences that promote misalignment of chromosomes and so make gene duplications more common.

Muller clearly felt aggrieved that Schrödinger had not cited his work, and he pointed out that he had suggested the parallel between gene duplication and crystal growth in 1921 (though Muller decided not to mention that he took this concept from Troland).

His coauthor is Chris Hittinger, and the article is called the «Gene Duplication and the Adaptive Evolution of a Classic Genetic Switch».

This is an example where each function you know, became optimized, but there are ways, there are reasons why gene duplication can also create nothing new, whatsoever.

So what this shows is it sort of gives us a window to say, well, one way the gene duplication allows novelty or specialization or adaptation is by having more genetic parts to work with — each part can be optimized and specialized in a way that if you just have one part, you can do.

Steve: So, this gene duplication business is so interesting and it has such profound importance in evolution and researchers realize that, but I don't think that news has really gotten out to the general public in a lot of ways that in the modern evolutionary theory play book, gene duplication has a really big role.

According to the textbooks, the process by which new genes form starts with gene duplication.

: The Public Health Threat of Animal Diseases; and Gene Duplication in Evolution

In fact, one of the most common outcomes, now appreciated about gene duplication, is a little bit disappointing, which is really just the old job gets done by two genes, so they really just share the old job; its like, now you -LSB-'ve] got two lazy workers instead of one really efficient one.

But you asked me right, the importance of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough number — but a very large number of the genes that carry out functions in our body are parts of [the] family of the genes, members of [the] family of the genes that have expanded by gene duplication.

Because of later gene duplications and other processes, these 8,600 homologous genes correspond to at least 14,000 genes, or approximately 70 %, of the current human genome.

Marine biologists Thomas Duda and Stephen Palumbi from Harvard University suspected the molecular mixer could be a mechanism called «gene duplication.»

«While gene duplication and alternative splicing are typically invoked as major mechanisms underpinning protein neofunctionalization, this study suggests that the process of co-option should be re-evaluated as a potentially important method by which genes can acquire novel functions.»

Based largely on studies of snakes, spiders and other species dangerous to our own, it is thought that most venom genes arise through the mechanism of gene duplication followed by mutation and repurposing (which scientists refer to as neofunctionalization).

The concept is that gene duplication can result in two equivalent proteins that, over time, diverge to develop specialized subtasks, while also maintaining common connections.

When a gene duplication gave some water striders a novel leg part, it opened up a new world for them

Other recent work has questioned the consequences of gene duplications in flowering plants as well.

Our data suggest that these passive mechanisms, gene duplication and extinction, could represent an important source of genetic incompatibilities across all taxa.

A new study points to rare gene duplications and deletions that are believed to play a significant role in the psychological disorder

In biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networks.

And they must determine to what extent gene duplications or structural changes to the genome might influence mammoth biology.

Scientists think that this family evolved by gene duplication, branch by branch, from a single ancestor present in primitive vertebrates.

In addition, there is evidence for gene duplication, pseudogenes, and paralogs, although the extent of these is not clear (Kovach et al. 2010; Pavy et al. 2012).

Early investigations into the nature of genetic evolution proposed two potential mechanisms for the origin of new features: gene duplication and divergence, and regulatory changes in gene expression.

More recently, however, it has become appreciated that after gene duplication, the resulting duplicates are often «subfunctionalized» and accumulate complementary mutations: the two genes together perform the function formerly carried out by a single ancestral gene.

For several decades, much attention has been placed on gene duplication as a source of new gene functions.

Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.

Therefore, herpesviruses are an attractive model to study viral genome evolution at the levels of gene duplication and protein domain rearrangement.

However, several genetic mechanisms — including the evolution of protein - coding sequences and gene duplication, as well as the evolution of regulatory sequences — are sources of variation in all species and contribute to organismal adaptation.

We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs.

In his research, Dr. Torres examines the properties of plant polyploidy (genome doubling), the concomitant phenomenon of gene duplication, and the evolution of genes, gene families, chromosomes, and genomes following genome doubling in angiosperms.

Recent breakthroughs in evolutionary genomics show that a burst of gene duplications occurred in the human lineage during its separation from non-human primates approximately 6 million years ago (Bailey et al., 2002; Fortna et al., 2004; Marques - Bonet et al., 2009).

We found that the two main human - specific gene duplications (SRGAP2B and SRGAP2C) are partial and encode a truncated F - BAR domain involved in membrane deformation.

The group of Dr Evan Eichler has dated the emergence of these human - specific gene duplications to approximately 3.4 and 2.4 million years ago respectively (Dennis et al., 2012)(Figure 1A - B).

This has led to the hypothesis that these evolutionarily recent gene duplications might have participated in the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development and function (Bailey and Eichler, 2006; Stankiewicz and Lupski, 2010).

We are currently using this new paradigm to define the expression and function of other hominoid - and human - specific gene duplications during brain development and evolution.

This is a unique scientific paradigm: the first publication determining the role of human - specific gene duplications during brain development came out of our laboratory recently (Charrier et al., 2012) and represents a milestone in our understanding of the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the emergence of human - specific traits of brain development, for example neoteny during synaptic maturation (Benavides - Piccione et al., 2002; Petanjek et al., 2011).

Gene duplication is one of the major forces driving evolution and speciation (Ohno, 1970).

The evolution of mammalian genomes is thought to include at least two whole genome duplications of an ancestral genome (Holland et al., 1994), as well as duplication of sub-chromosomal segments together with extensive gene duplication that has given rise to many large multigene families (Lundin, 1993).

In concordance with these results, MECP2 gene duplications have been reported in both men and women that suffer from autism - spectrum disorders.

New coding genes can arise in genomes through several processes, including gene duplication, gene fusion, de novo formation from non-coding DNA, or lateral gene transfer (LGT) from another species.

During her graduate studies she investigated the contribution of gene duplication to the origin and evolution of human phenotypes.

Gene duplications and subsequent mutations also led to the evolution of numerous sister nonapeptides across vertebrates, including isotocin in teleost fish and oxytocin in mammals.

Additional gene duplication and divergence in eumetazoans further increased transcription factor gene family number, which in general are 2 to 34 times larger in eumetazoans than in Amphimedon.

Nearly three - quarters of the 1,286 animal - specific gene families arose by gene duplication on the metazoan stem (Supplementary Note 9).

The new findings also give scientists clues about how gene duplications can drive evolution.