Sentences with phrase «many calcifying organisms»

This process, termed ocean acidification, makes it energetically more costly for calcifying organisms to form their calcareous shells and skeletons.

Several studies have shown that this also holds true for Emiliania huxleyi, the world's most abundant and most productive calcifying organism.

Additionally, calcifying organisms incorporate the inorganic carbon in their calcium carbonate shells directly.

In a field experiment, some tiny phytoplankton species benefitted from extra carbon dioxide in the water, while many calcifying organisms appeared to suffer.

Many calcifying organisms such as corals, mussels or snails will find it more and more difficult to build their shells and skeletons.

Exactly these elements are needed by calcifying organisms — plankton, mussels, snails, crabs or corals — to build their shells and skeletons.

You can have a differential impact on biology and chemistry, so if you really want to assess what will be the status of calcifying organisms in 2100 there is one part, the chemistry, for which the organisms have no control but for the biology they can perhaps adapt and there might be a way for the organisms to mitigate the negative impacts of ocean acidification.

Orr, J.C. et al. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.

The resulting changes in pH, Ωcarb, and pCO2 affect calcifying organisms at the base of the food chain, creating effects that propagate through higher trophic levels [1], [3].

ABSTRACT The impact of seawater acidification on calcifying organisms varies at the species level.

On the effects on calcification: It is expected that calcifying organisms will find it more difficult to produce and maintain their shells and hard structures.

However, the lack of a clear understanding of the mechanisms of calcification and its metabolic or structural function means that it is difficult, at present, to reliably predict the full consequences of CO2 - induced ocean acidification on the physiological and ecological fitness of calcifying organisms.

This new study has demonstrated that cold polar surface waters will start to become corrosive to these calcifying organisms once the atmospheric CO2 level reaches about 600 parts per million, which is 60 % more than the current level but which could be attained by the middle of this century.

Orr, J.C. et al. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.

Some of the smaller calcifying organisms are important food sources for higher marine organisms.

To the contrary, it should be of benefit to calcifying organisms.

Seaweeds create a chemical microenvironment at their surface, providing refuge for calcifying organisms that are at risk from decreasing oceanic pH.

Oceanic calcifying organisms will be particularly affected.

Acidification of polar waters is predicted to have adverse effects on calcified organisms and consequential effects on species that rely upon them (high confidence).

«More acidic waters make it difficult for corals and other calcifying organisms, such as animals with shells, to form their skeletons, which are ultimately responsible for building the physical structure of the reef,» says Australian Institute of Marine Science research scientist, Dr Janice Lough.»

Large - scale impacts on pteropods and other calcifying organisms that form the base of the marine food chain could distress populations of larger fish that feed on them, leading to significant economic impacts on the multi-billion dollar U.S. seafood industry.

We have investigated the response of a coral reef community dominated by scleractinian corals, but also including other calcifying organisms such as calcareous algae, crustaceans, gastropods and echinoderms, and kept in an open - top mesocosm [note: a «mesocosm» is an aquarium].

We have investigated the response of a coral reef community dominated by scleractinian corals, but also including other calcifying organisms such as calcareous algae, crustaceans, gastropods and echinoderms, and kept in an open - top mesocosm.

All calcifying organisms have a protective organic layer that minimizes sensitivity to any changes in seawater pH and all isolate their calcifying chambers from ambient water conditions.

The same holds true for other calcifying organisms.

Orr, J. C. et al., 2005: Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.

Most calcifying organisms have evolved mechanisms to «up - regulate» their internal pH by pumping H + ions out of the compartment and raising internal pH. In addition pumping H + ions out of the calcifying compartments is beneficial because it maintains an electrical gradient that facilitates importing calcium ions (Ca + +) into the calcifying compartment.

Depends on what scenerio is used — and on the rate of dissolution of calcifying organisms as they sink to the ocean floor.

Calcite - A calcium carbonate (limestone) mineral, used by shell - or skeleton - forming, calcifying organisms such as foraminifera, some macroalgae, lobsters, crabs, sea urchins and starfish.

for article Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.

Orr, James C., Victoria J. Fabry, Olivier Aumont, et al. (2005): Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.

If that will have any impact on sea life is doubtful as the main calcifying organisms evolved at much higher CO2 levels during the Cretaceous, witnessed by the white cliffs of Dover and many such places all over the world...

Ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions is a dominant driver of long - term changes in pH in the open ocean, raising concern for the future of calcifying organisms, many of which are present in coastal habitats.

A canonical paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH can more effectively be used to formulate policies to conserve vulnerable calcifying organisms by acknowledging the various anthropogenic drivers of change in pH, identifying regional and even local actions that may help vulnerable coastal organisms adapt to the impacts of OA by anthropogenic CO2 (Kelly et al. 2011) in parallel to global mitigation efforts.

Aragonite - A calcium carbonate (limestone) mineral, used by shell - or skeleton - forming, calcifying organisms such as corals (warm - and coldwater corals), some macroalgae, pteropods (marine snails) and non-pteropod molluscs such as bivalves (e.g., clams, oysters), cephalopods (e.g., squids, octopuses).

Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty - first century and its impact on calcifying organisms

These assessments highlight the vulnerabilities of calcifying organisms (e.g. review [15]-RRB- and consider the potential extent of ecological change [16].

Predictions concerning the consequences of the oceanic uptake of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been primarily occupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms).

Calcifying organisms such as coccolithophores that fix and export carbon into the deep sea provide feedbacks to increasing atmospheric pCO2.

The diminishing availability of carbonate ion -LRB--RRB-, and ensuing reduction in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation states are widely reported to reduce calcification in a wide range [11,12] of, but not all, calcifying organisms [13,14].

This may impact a wide range of organisms and ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs, Box 4.4, reviewed by Raven et al., 2005), including juvenile planktonic, as well as adult, forms of benthic calcifying organisms (e.g., echinoderms, gastropods and shellfish), and will affect their recruitment (reviewed by Turley et al., 2006).

Not exact matches

With all this, we want to evaluate the bathymetric variability in the Mg content because factors related to depth have the potential to provide an analogue for future changes in the skeletal mineralogy of calcifying marine organisms.

These little organisms are central to the global carbon cycle, a role that could be disrupted if rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and warming temperatures interfere with their ability to grow their calcified shells.

During the Ediacarans» latter days, the first tiny organisms with calcified shells began to populate the oceans.

«There have been a lot of studies showing that under ocean acidification scenarios that corals and other organisms on the reef calcify at a slower rate,» Kline says.

These organism and Cloudina are the oldest known evidence in the fossil record of the emergence of calcified skeletal formation in metazoans, a prominent feature in animals appearing later in the Early Cambrian.

«Organisms that calcify will have more and more trouble calcifying,» says Jorge Sarmiento, who studies ocean changes at Princeton University.

Since you state that a decrease in net calcification could result from a decrease in gross calcification, an increase in dissolution rates, or both, you distinguish between these responses and get to the conclusion that the impact of ocean acidification on a creature's net calcification may be largely controlled by the status of its protective organic cover and that the net slowdown in skeletal growth under increased CO2 occurs not because these organisms are unable to calcify, but rather because their unprotected skeleton is dissolving faster.

Such changes in oceanic environmental conditions will have negative consequences for marine life and organisms producing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) structures are amongst the most vulnerable due to the additional costs associated with calcification and maintenance of calcified structures under more acidic conditions.

Increasing ocean acidification can have negative effects on calcifying marine organisms.