Sentences with phrase «maxwellian plasma particle»

One of his main achievements was inventing a «magnetic nozzle» that could spray the plasma particles in a high - speed jet.

Large space - weather events, such as geomagnetic storms, can alter the incoming radio waves — a distortion that scientists can use to determine the concentration of plasma particles in the upper atmosphere.

By combining observations from the ground and in space, the team observed a plume of low - energy plasma particles that essentially hitches a ride along magnetic field lines — streaming from Earth's lower atmosphere up to the point, tens of thousands of kilometers above the surface, where the planet's magnetic field connects with that of the sun.

These applications require an understanding of energy absorption and momentum transfer from the high - intensity lasers to plasma particles.

It will measure magnetic fields and plasma particles as part of a study of the composition of the Martian atmosphere.

Not exact matches

It's true that space is a vacuum, but it's an imperfect vacuum because it contains a low density of particles like clouds of interstellar dust, space plasma, and cosmic rays.

Characterization of laser - induced plasmas associated with energetic laser cleaning of metal particles on fused silica surfaces

At a certain distance from the sun, though, that plasma escapes the corona and streams through the solar system as the solar wind, a constant flow of charged particles that pummels the planets, including Earth (SN Online: 8/18/17).

The modeling helps scientists deduce important pieces of information for space weather forecasting — in this case, for the first time, the density of the plasma around the shock, in addition to the speed and strength of the energized particles.

They teamed up with James Dedrick and Andrew Gibson from the York Plasma Institute, University of York, U.K. to study how plasma behavior varies in relation to spatial location, time and particle ePlasma Institute, University of York, U.K. to study how plasma behavior varies in relation to spatial location, time and particle eplasma behavior varies in relation to spatial location, time and particle energy.

«We believe that this arises from a complex interaction between the plasma and acceleration grids, which is highly dependent upon the particle dynamics nearby to the grid surface,» Dedrick said.

The cfPure system uses silica - coated paramagnetic particles to purify cfDNA from less than 1 mL to greater than 10 mL of serum or plasma.

The universe is made up of plasma — a gas so hot that its particles are electrically charged.

Analyze these particles, and you will get a handle on how the quark - gluon plasma behaves.

Giant eruptions of hot plasma and high - energy particles spewed forth, a Mount Everest's weight of gas in a single belch.

A key hurdle for fusion researchers is understanding turbulence, the ripples and eddies that can cause the superhot plasma that fuels fusion reactions to leak heat and particles and keep fusion from taking place.

The computations were made consistent with well - accepted magnetostatic theory and resulted in spontaneous current sheet development, making them relevant for the study of particle acceleration in astrophysical plasmas.

The New Calculus Other physicists, meanwhile, are employing string theory methodologies in their study of extreme matter states — from the intensely hot plasmas produced in particle colliders to materials created in laboratories at temperatures close to absolute zero.

Huge swirls at the edge of Mercury's magnetosphere — where the planet's magnetic field meets the energetic charged particles of the solar wind — help shower the planet in solar plasma.

«Updated computer code improves prediction of particle motion in plasma experiments.»

These particles, which physicists inject as neutral atoms, are ionized inside the plasma and increase its thermal energy.

The idea is that this will recreate the primordial soup of particles called the quark - gluon plasma that appeared just after the big bang.

That tank carries a camera, spectrometers, magnetometers, plasma and particle detectors, a microwave sensor and a radio antenna.

High energy particles are born inside the plasma and, as they undergo an orbit, they intersect two different waves that eventually kick them to the wall and the particle detector.

Fusion energy requires confining high energy particles, both those produced from fusion reactions and others injected by megawatt beams used to heat the plasma to fusion temperatures.

The Cassini team will use data collected by one of the spacecraft's science instruments (the Radio and Plasma Wave Subsystem, or RPWS) to ascertain the size and density of ring particles in the gap in advance of future dives.

By arranging their detectors at the edge of a fusion device, researchers have found that they are able to measure high energy particles kicked out of the plasma by a type of wave that exists in fusion plasmas called an Alfvén wave (named after their discoverer, the Nobel Prize winner Hannes Alfvén).

Theoretical physicists Dam Thanh Son and Andrei Starinets, for example, collaborated on an idea that used black hole math to predict the viscosity of an ultrahot gas, or plasma, that forms in certain particle collider experiments.

What's more, as the particles move through their plasma, they generate the gamma ray photon particles.

The idea behind ALICE is to recreate the exotic, primordial «soup of particles» known as quark - gluon plasma that appeared microseconds after the universe's birth.

The bubble in question is actually a field of magnetic plasma, and the bigger this field gets, the faster it will travel, powered by solar winds made of particles hurtling from the sun at a million miles per hour.

This plasma of high - energy electron particles then release a controlled beam of ultra-energized photons, the gamma rays.

One of the most harmful phenomena these investigations have discovered is the drift instability, which leads to small - scale turbulence of the plasma that efficiently transports heat and particles by convection to the outer regions, where they are lost and unable to contribute to nuclear fusion.

Here they used the UK - developed EPOCH «particle - in - cell» code, where particles are modeled as «chunks» that describe the bigger reality of the dynamics of the plasma system.

These energetic particles have to enter into what we call the heliosphere, which is the large volume of space that is dominated by our sun, through the solar wind, which is a plasma of electrons, atomic nuclei, and associated magnetic fields that are streaming nonstop from the sun.

When a particle hits a hard surface at high speeds, it vaporizes and ionizes the target, releasing a cloud of dust, gas and plasma.

Just after the big bang, our universe was so hot and dense that protons and neutrons couldn't form, and the particles that make them up — quarks and gluons — floated in a soup known as the quark - gluon plasma.

In their new study, the BARREL researchers» major objective was to obtain simultaneous measurements of the scattered particles and of ionoized gas called plasma out in space near Earth's equator.

A new study published this week in the journal Physics of Plasmas, from AIP Publishing, uses computer simulations to show that the cloud of plasma generated from the particle's impact is responsible for creating the damaging electromagnetic pulse.

The REPT instrument is part of the Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite (ECT).

These simulations get more demanding and expensive as the temperature of the fluid increases: An evaporated fluid has to be treated as a compressible gas, and, heated further, the gas becomes ionized, becoming a «plasma» of positively and negatively charged particles that interact collectively via electric and magnetic fields.

To simulate the results from a hypervelocity impact plasma, researchers used a method called particle - in - cell simulation that allows them to model the plasma and the electromagnetic fields simultaneously.

Since the experiment fires protons at boron plasma, it effectively mimics cosmic rays crashing into plasmas in space, which may aid studies of high - energy particle behaviour, says Mac Low.

Then, they collected blood from healthy volunteers and filtered out the plasma containing LDL particles.

... A team of German and Russian physicists have pioneered a new technique for particle acceleration, called proton - driven plasma - wakefield acceleration (PWFA).

The high voltage is delivered only in very short bursts, using just enough energy to accelerate the tiny electrons without heating up the heavy gas particles pulses; thus, plasma is generated.

The new type of accelerator, known as a laser - plasma accelerator, uses pulses of laser light that blast through a soup of charged particles known as a plasma; the resulting plasma motion, which resemble waves in water, accelerates electrons riding atop the waves to high speeds.

Such explosions are a key way that clouds of charged particles — plasmas — are accelerated throughout the universe.

Friction between ions and neutral particles heats the plasma even more, both in and around the spicules.

Plasmas are made of charged particles, and charged particles are affected by magnetic fields.