Sentences with phrase «measurements of the time series»

Measurements of the time series provide a number of data points, N, that can be geometrically analysed.

Not exact matches

We compare correlations by ranked fifth (quintile) of VIX at the end of the past return measurement interval to determine (in - sample) optimal time series momentum measurement intervals for different ranges of VIX.

there is the single time series or time - system which is a member of the derived set of time - systems and, in conjunction with a space - system, is used for natural measurement (CN 178).

We habitually muddle together this creative advance, which we experience and know as the perpetual transition of nature into novelty, with the single time - series which we naturally employ for measurement.

Sensing solutions specialist SICK UK is hitting the road with a series of its popular Technology Days to bring expert advice in Machine Vision, Auto Ident and Measurement to the production doorstep The free «drop - in» workshops are specially - designed to enable quality and production engineers to take a short time out of a busy day to gain -LSB-...]

Individual growth curve models were developed for multilevel analysis and specifically designed for exploring longitudinal data on individual changes over time.23 Using this approach, we applied the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Institute) to account for the random effects of repeated measurements.24 To specify the correct model for our individual growth curves, we compared a series of MIXED models by evaluating the difference in deviance between nested models.23 Both fixed quadratic and cubic MIXED models fit our data well, but we selected the fixed quadratic MIXED model because the addition of a cubic time term was not statistically significant based on a log - likelihood ratio test.

To determine the final temperature distribution, a series of measurements is performed where the ensemble is irradiated with radio waves of a different frequency each time.

This paper reports on the first comprehensive analysis of measurement data from the Boknis Eck time series station, and it was recently published in the international journal Biogeosciences.

The study examined a 28 - year time series (1982 - 2009), which was composed of measurements taken by weather satellites passing over the polar region.

At the same time, the study demonstrates the high value of long time - series measurements such as those at Boknis Eck.

The phasegram was created based on a series of measurements taken at equally spaced time intervals of ca. 0.02 ms, representing the vibration of the vocal folds within the larynx (see Fig. 1).

The time series of brightness measurements for a star is called a light curve.

As the first mission to provide extensive time series measurements on thousands of stars over months to years at a level hitherto possible only for the Sun, the results from Kepler will vastly increase our knowledge of stellar variability for quiet solar - type stars.

In research featured on the cover of Journal of Fluid Mechanics, an interdisciplinary Los Alamos team took a series of first - time measurements of turbulent mixing, providing new insights for turbulence modelers.

These involved calculating weights for the velocity time series from the measurement uncertainties and adjusting them in order to minimize the noise level of the combined data.

First of all in time - series stations, that is repeat measurements at the same place for a long time.

In a series of studies, we employed time - resolved behavioral measurements to access how attentional behavioral performances (e.g., reaction time, percent correct) change as a function of time.

Continuous series of tree - ring dated wood samples have been obtained for roughly the past 10,000 years which give the approximate correct radiocarbon age, demonstrating the general validity of the conventional radiocarbon dating technique.Several long tree - ring chronologies have been constructed specifically for use in calibrating the radiocarbon time scale.Some may have mistaken this to mean that the sample had been dated to 20,000 radiocarbon years.The second characteristic of the measurement of radiocarbon is that it is easy to contaminate a sample which contains very little radiocarbon with enough radiocarbon from the research environment to give it an apparent radiocarbon age which is much less than its actual radiocarbon age.

Topics covered in the series include time, money, geometry, measurement, problem solving, place value, and — of course — basic computation.

Curriculum - Based Measurement of Oral Reading (CBM - R) is used to collect time series data, estimate the rate of student achievement, and evaluate program effectiveness.

We compare correlations by ranked fifth (quintile) of VIX at the end of the past return measurement interval to determine (in - sample) optimal time series momentum measurement intervals for different ranges of VIX.

In the Wharf Road galleries the exhibition comprises three installations - one on each floor - that the artist has conceived as a series of different experiments that explore the construction and measurement of space, mass, time, and volume through the use of materials.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

-- Historically, transient climate sensitivity (TCS) has been evaluated thanks to satellite measurements series of Earth Radiative Balance (e g «ERBS» time series, followed by «CERES», or even the french «SCARAB» on a Russian Meteor).

Latimer Alder June 29, 2012 at 7:16 pm said:» but only the Hawaiian ones go anywhere near showing how it has changed with time... and that only for one location and only for two separate short series of about 5 years (monthly measurements) each»

You might have lots of measurements of pH, but only the Hawaiian ones go anywhere near showing how it has changed with time... and that only for one location and only for two separate short series of about 5 years (monthly measurements) each.

The work in question takes measurements from one locale, and doesn't publish conclusions, rather Doney's statements are giving his opinion about what he read, «Long - term ocean acidification trends are clearly evident over the past several decades in open - ocean time - series and hydrographic survey data, and the trends are consistent with the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Dore et al., 2009).»

Historical temperature time series and series of atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements show clearly how climate has changed over the past 100 years.

When a series of measurements of a process are treated as a time series, trend estimation can be used to make and justify statements about tendencies in the data, by relating the measurements to the times at which they occurred.

Such reconstructions are trying to derive the underlying time series behind a set of derived measurements.

Smaller - scale deployments have occurred at a variety of locations, particularly such well - studied sites as the University of Hawai`i at Mānoa's Hawaii Ocean Time - series (HOT) station, where long biogeochemical records from floats (Figure 1) can be calibrated against shipboard measurements.

- Data from Sentinel - 3B also ensures continuity in ocean and sea measurements and ensures the ability to build long time series of key essential climate variables.

Major holes in geographic, vertical, and temporal coverage present another challenge to the strength of scientific conclusions about global change based on global time series data sets, particularly when it comes to biological measurements.

Also the importance of (temperature) measurement errors on the long term predictibility of non linear time series (= temperature records and proxies) seems to be key to me for an eventual validation of any predicitve model.

This method uses consistency between direct normal and diffuse horizontal measurements together with a special regression technique for retrieval of daily time series of column mean aerosol particle size, aerosol optical depth, NO2, ozone and water vapor column amounts together with the instrument's calibration constants.

«Since 1990, surface ocean pH has directly been measured or calculated at several locations, with the average recent decrease estimated as 0.0019 pH units per year at the Hawaii Ocean Time - series (HOT; close to the site of long - term atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa)[12]; 0.0017 per year based on transects in the North Pacific [13]; 0.0012 per year at the Bermuda Atlantic Time - Series (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOCseries (HOT; close to the site of long - term atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa)[12]; 0.0017 per year based on transects in the North Pacific [13]; 0.0012 per year at the Bermuda Atlantic Time - Series (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOCSeries (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOCSeries in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC)[15].

Working from an ancient formula on optimal dam design he devised the equation: log (R / S) = K * log (N / 2) where R is the range of the time series, S is the standard deviation of year - to - year flood measurements and N is the number of years in the series.»

The Microwave Radiometer - High Frequency (MWRHF) provides time - series measurements of brightness temperatures from two channels centered at 90 and 150 GHz.

To point out just a couple of things: — oceans warming slower (or cooling slower) than lands on long - time trends is absolutely normal, because water is more difficult both to warm or to cool (I mean, we require both a bigger heat flow and more time); at the contrary, I see as a non-sense theory (made by some serrist, but don't know who) that oceans are storing up heat, and that suddenly they will release such heat as a positive feedback: or the water warms than no heat can be considered ad «stored» (we have no phase change inside oceans, so no latent heat) or oceans begin to release heat but in the same time they have to cool (because they are losing heat); so, I don't feel strange that in last years land temperatures for some series (NCDC and GISS) can be heating up while oceans are slightly cooling, but I feel strange that they are heating up so much to reverse global trend from slightly negative / stable to slightly positive; but, in the end, all this is not an evidence that lands» warming is led by UHI (but, this effect, I would not exclude it from having a small part in temperature trends for some regional area, but just small); both because, as writtend, it is normal to have waters warming slower than lands, and because lands» temperatures are often measured in a not so precise way (despite they continue to give us a global uncertainity in TT values which is barely the instrumental's one)-- but, to point out, HadCRU and MSU of last years (I mean always 2002 - 2006) follow much better waters» temperatures trend; — metropolis and larger cities temperature trends actually show an increase in UHI effect, but I think the sites are few, and the covered area is very small worldwide, so the global effect is very poor (but it still can be sensible for regional effects); but I would not run out a small warming trend for airport measurements due mainly to three things: increasing jet planes traffic, enlarging airports (then more buildings and more asphalt — if you follow motor sports, or simply live in a town / city, you will know how easy they get very warmer than air during day, and how much it can slow night - time cooling) and overall having airports nearer to cities (if not becoming an area inside the city after some decade of hurban growth, e.g. Milan - Linate); — I found no point about UHI in towns and villages; you will tell me they are not large cities; but, in comparison with 20-40-60 years ago when they were «countryside», many small towns and villages have become part of larger hurban areas (at least in Europe and Asia) so examining just larger cities would not be enough in my opinion to get a full view of UHI effect (still remembering that it has a small global effect: we can say many matters are due to UHI instead of GW, maybe even that a small part of measured GW is due to UHI, and that GW measurements are not so precise to make us able to make good analisyses and predictions, but not that GW is due to UHI).

This dependence is expressed as a function of calendar month, geographic latitude, and LT, fitted over a long time series of TEC measurements (October 2004 — December 2009) over North America.

Therefore, a correction factor (× 0.2458) was applied, obtained from a series of simultaneous CO2 flux measurements from a floating chamber connected to an EGM - 4 (PP - Systems) performed at the same time as surface gas concentrations were collected [4](data from 2007 to 2010, n = 57, r2 = 0.689, p < 0.001; unpubl.

Moreover, the two time series are analyzed and depicted separately, even if they are practically independent measurements of the same thing.

The data basis of observations are total ozone columns measurements from three satellite borne instruments: the European satellite sensors GOME (ERS - 2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT), and GOME - 2 (METOP - A) are combined and added up to a continuous time series starting in June 1995.

The signal - free concept stems from the observation that individual tree - ring measurement series represent a mixture of potential growth influences, among which are included first, that of climate variability through time and second, that of changing allocation processes and tree geometry that both affect the size of annual stem increments.

4) As there are too many parameters and fudge factors lets start from the observations which are only four datasets: (1) Anthropic emissions (figure 17 - E), (2) their time varying delta13C (not shown), (3) CO2 content of the air (since 1958)(figure 4 - A for the 12 months increments) and (4) delta13C of the air (continuous times series since about 1977 with some measurements before figure 3 - A).

Uses a time series of hydrographic and stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) measurements collected at a near - coastal site in Marguerite Bay to quantify the prevalence of meteoric freshwater (glacial melt plus precipitation) separately from sea ice melt

The carbon cycle is reasonably well understood and the conclusion is totally clear: The only significant factor that has caused the increase in CO2 level during the period of good measurements (i.e. since the beginning of the Mauna Loa time series) is the anthropogenic influence.

AR4 WG1 claims that the Maunder Minimum was in 1610, out by nearly 100 years, and that no measurements of Solar Radiation were available before the satellites of c. 1977, whereas NOAA actually has continuous time series across the USA from 1960 to 2005 (when they cease because no doubt Jim Hansen deemed them to be Inconvenient Truths).

In no way is this comparable to the manufacture of data where no measurements have been taken or the substitution of one measured variable (daily mean land air temperature) with another (instantaneous SST observations) whose sampling method varies, is exceedingly uneven geographically, and no credible, alias - free time - series can be obtained.

The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) provides time - series measurements of column - integrated amounts of water vapor and liquid water.