[*] You had said: «is based purely on observational evidence, with no dependence on any climate model simulations... to obtain a direct measure of the overall climate response or feedback parameter...
Measuring radiative flux imbalances provides a direct measure of Y, and hence of S, unlike other ways of diagnosing climate sensitivity.»
The sea level proxy is currently more reliable than estimates based on summation of directly
measured radiative fluxes and it also extends much further back than satellite measurements.
http://www.gewex.org/bsrn.html Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) About BSRN Because of the important role radiation plays in the climate system, the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) was established to provide a worldwide network to continuously
measure radiative fluxes at the Earth's surface.
Not exact matches
Gerald Marsh offered this opinion in «A Global Warming Primer» (page 4 - excerpt) «
Radiative forcing is defined as the change in net downward radiative flux at the tropopause resulting from any process that acts as an external agent to the climate system; it is generally measured i
Radiative forcing is defined as the change in net downward
radiative flux at the tropopause resulting from any process that acts as an external agent to the climate system; it is generally measured i
radiative flux at the tropopause resulting from any process that acts as an external agent to the climate system; it is generally
measured in W / m2.
They are not
measures of energy transfers, but of
radiative flux (also called forcing).
That the
radiative flux can be
measured isn't relevant because only the net energy transfer is relevant.
Radiative forcing is not to be confused with cloud radiative forcing, which describes an unrelated measure of the impact of clouds on the radiative flux at the top of the atmospher
Radiative forcing is not to be confused with cloud
radiative forcing, which describes an unrelated measure of the impact of clouds on the radiative flux at the top of the atmospher
radiative forcing, which describes an unrelated
measure of the impact of clouds on the
radiative flux at the top of the atmospher
radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere.»
In another study, a multi-year time series of surface
radiative fluxes and other atmospheric properties
measured by a DOE climate program are being used at AER to evaluate
radiative fluxes and to validate forecasts of surface temperature and other properties in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model.
Solar irradiance and
radiative flux has been
measured for decades.
You would do better to discuss why FG were not sure of their result for various practical reasons, e.g. the net
radiative flux imbalance at the top of the atmosphere has only been
measured for a very short time, and their study doesn't include albedo forcings from melting ice — if you're actually as interested in their results as you pretend to be.
This must be exception — that satellites that
measure SW
radiative flux at TOA can tell the difference between clouds and dark earth — in which you are tight but trivial.
I am concerned about the apparent lack of correlation between the shortwave reflections and CRF as
measured by the neutron counter (figure 6 on my DRAFT copy of «Cosmic rays modulation of the cloud effects on the
radiative flux in the Southern Hemisphere Magnetic Anomaly region»).
The
radiative heat transfer physics I am using is standard from long before climate science borrowed the incorrect two - stream approximation from astrophysics and made the mistake, from meteorology, of assuming a pyrometer
measures energy
flux instead of a temperature signal.
Additional variables also being
measured by Aqua include
radiative energy
fluxes, aerosols, vegetation cover on the land, phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter in the oceans, and air, land, and water temperatures.
Philipona et al. (2004)
measured the changes and trends of
radiative fluxes at the surface and their relation to greenhouse gas increases and temperature and humidity changes
measured from 1995 to 2002 at eight stations of the Alpine Surface Radiation Budget (ASRB) network.