Sentences with phrase «model impacts of greenhouse gas»

Not exact matches

Report Modelling the Impact of the Climate Leadership Plan & Federal Carbon Price on British Columbia's Greenhouse Gas Emissions (December 2016)

To inform its Earth system models, the climate modeling community has a long history of using integrated assessment models — frameworks for describing humanity's impact on Earth, including the source of global greenhouse gases, land use and land cover change, and other resource - related drivers of anthropogenic climate change.

The model, however, assumes the worst - case scenario of greenhouse gas emissions, offering hope that if emissions are curbed, the impact would be reduced.

In a study published Nov. 6 in PLOS ONE, a team of University of Wisconsin — Madison researchers used modeling tools to explore how switching land from growing an annual corn crop to growing perennial grasses for bioenergy would impact farmer income, energy production, and environmental benefits like greenhouse gas mitigation, biodiversity support and water quality.

We have used the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse - gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC)-- a simple climate model emulator that was, in part, developed through support of the EPA — to examine the climate impact of proposed regulatModel for the Assessment of Greenhouse - gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC)-- a simple climate model emulator that was, in part, developed through support of the EPA — to examine the climate impact of proposed regulatmodel emulator that was, in part, developed through support of the EPA — to examine the climate impact of proposed regulations.

In a recent interview, Nordhaus - whose models project a smaller economic impact than most - said that regardless of whether the models showing larger or smaller economic impacts from climate change are correct, «We've got to get together as a community of nations and impose restraints on greenhouse gas emissions and raise carbon prices.

Because the new precise observations agree with existing assessments of water vapor's impact, researchers are more confident than ever in model predictions that Earth's leading greenhouse gas will contribute to a temperature rise of a few degrees by the end of the century.

(2007) • Contribution of Renewables to Energy Security (2007) • Modelling Investment Risks and Uncertainties with Real Options Approach (2007) • Financing Energy Efficient Homes Existing Policy Responses to Financial Barriers (2007) • CO2 Allowance and Electricity Price Interaction - Impact on Industry's Electricity Purchasing Strategies in Europe (2007) • CO2 Capture Ready Plants (2007) • Fuel - Efficient Road Vehicle Non-Engine Components (2007) • Impact of Climate Change Policy Uncertainty on Power Generation Investments (2006) • Raising the Profile of Energy Efficiency in China — Case Study of Standby Power Efficiency (2006) • Barriers to the Diffusion of Solar Thermal Technologies (2006) • Barriers to Technology Diffusion: The Case of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (2006) • Certainty versus Ambition — Economic Efficiency in Mitigating Climate Change (2006) • Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Institutional and Operational Issues (2006) • Sectoral Approaches to GHG Mitigation: Scenarios for Integration (2006) • Energy Efficiency in the Refurbishment of High - Rise Residential Buildings (2006) • Can Energy - Efficient Electrical Appliances Be Considered «Environmental Goods»?

That is, insofar as greenhouse gases cause global warming, the magnitude of that impact in the climate models should be decreasing with each year of new data.

Assessing the long - term impact of greenhouse gases fitted easily into this model.

To illustrate the implications, Weitzman notes that, when we run the climate models, a normal («thin - tailed») distribution of impacts from a doubling of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations above pre-industrial levels produces a median temperature change of 3 degrees Celsius with a 15 % probability of a warming above 4.5 degrees Celsius.

The errors were four times larger than the assumed impact of man - made greenhouse gases, a fact that seriously compromises the integrity of the computer model.

As of this writing, there is observational and modeling evidence that: 1) both annular modes are sensitive to month - to - month and year - to - year variability in the stratospheric flow (see section on Stratosphere / troposphere coupling, below); 2) both annular modes have exhibited long term trends which may reflect the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and / or increased greenhouse gases (see section on Climate Change, below); and 3) the NAM responds to changes in the distribution of sea - ice over the North Atlantic sector.

As the Director of GISS and Principal Investigator for the GISS ModelE Earth System Model, I am interested in understanding past, present and future climate and the impacts of multiple drivers of climate change, including solar irradiance, atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, and greenhouse gases.

Lam and team used climate models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to examine the economic impacts of climate change on fish stocks and fisheries revenues under two different emissions scenarios: a high - emission scenario, in which the rates at which greenhouse gases are pumped into the Earth's atmosphere continue to rise unchecked, and a low - emission scenario under which ocean warming is kept below two degrees Celsius.

Indeed, strong observational evidence and results from modeling studies indicate that, at least over the last 50 years, human activities are a major contributor to climate change.Direct human impact is through changes in the concentration of certain trace gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor, known collectively as greenhouse gases.

Radiative transfer codes that accurately calculate the radiative impact of greenhouse gases and other atmospheric constituents are an essential component of the global climate models used to simulate present and future climate.

Michael O'Hare of the University of California, in Berkeley, US, and his colleagues developed a model to assess the greenhouse - gas impact from both fossil fuels and biofuels over their entire lifecycle.

For one thing, they're linear models, in which the impacts of various factors (man - made greenhouse gases, ENSO, natural climate forcings) are additive, but while that is often a good approximation, the real world is nonlinear.

«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1) Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.

On the vital question of how to approach climate change, the most influential economist is William Nordhaus whose explicit position is that we should decide to reduce greenhouse gas emissions only if cost - benefit analysis or an optimisation model concludes that the net benefits to humans are positive, where the relevant effects are essentially impacts on economic output (Nordhaus and Yang, 1996).

The impact of the greenhouse gas CO2 on the Earth's temperature is well established by climate models and temperature records over the past 100 years, as well as coupled records of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature...

The researcher is also working with a PhD colleague to build a farm model that evaluates the impact of external shocks such as price changes and droughts on farm income, greenhouse - gas emissions and soil erosion.

By combining policy expertise with a suite of detailed energy - economic models, Rhodium helps clients understand the impact of energy and climate change policy on economic output, energy markets, and greenhouse gas emissions.

The impact of the Arctic as a source of natural methane and CO2 can be monitored by measuring the concentrations of these gases in samples from around the world (in combination with models), as is being done by the NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas program7, although maintaining these networks in an era of budget cuts is an area of concern.

Most of the warming in climate models is not from CO2 directly but from feedback effects, and the evidence for strong positive climate feedback on temperature is very weak (to the point of non-existence) as compared to the evidence of greenhouse gas warming (yes, individual effects like ice cover melting are undeniably positive feedback effects, the question is as to the net impact of all such effects).

Climate change was assessed by means of two Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator (LARS - WG) weather generators and all outputs from the available general circulation models in the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse - gas Induced Climate Change - SCENario GENerator (MAGICC - SCENGEN) software, in combination with different emission scenarios at the regional scale, while the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model has been used for projections at the local sModel for the Assessment of Greenhouse - gas Induced Climate Change - SCENario GENerator (MAGICC - SCENGEN) software, in combination with different emission scenarios at the regional scale, while the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model has been used for projections at the local smodel has been used for projections at the local scale.

Originally projected to take two years, the project targets mechanisms of the U.S. tax code in terms of its impact of its most critical provisions on carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases — a massive and complex campaign in environmental and economic modeling.

For even if the models are proven to be wrong with respect to their predictions of atmospheric warming, extreme weather, glacial melt, sea level rise, or any other attendant catastrophe, those who seek to regulate and reduce CO2 emissions have a fall - back position, claiming that no matter what happens to the climate, the nations of the Earth must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because of projected direct negative impacts on marine organisms via ocean acidification.

One important source of guidance is Project Drawdown, a global coalition of researchers, scientists, economists and others, that, in recent years, has built a model to evaluate and rank the top active solutions to global warming, based on their actual impact on greenhouse gas emissions.

Because the models have been built to test man's possible impact on the climate via greenhouse gas emissions, they begin with an econometric forecast of world economic growth, and, based upon assumptions about fuel sources and efficiencies, they convert this economic growth into emissions forecasts.