The report points out that in the past NASA has begun ambitious space science missions that ended up too expensive to pursue, such as the Voyager - Mars mission and the Jupiter Icy
Moons Orbiter mission of the Prometheus program.
Although NASA terminated funding in 2005 for a proposed Jupiter Icy
Moons Orbiter (which would have searched for evidence of sub-ice, oceanic life on Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede), the Agency was still funding the development of a robotic submarine for exploring the sub-ice oceans of those icy moons in 2007 (Kathleen M. Wong, New Scientist, December 14, 2007).
NASA's newest
moon orbiter is beaming data to Earth via a powerful laser beam to test an innovative interplanetary communications systems that doesn't rely on radio waves, and a new photo reveals just what a moon laser signal looks like in infrared.
Not exact matches
Lunar
Orbiter 1 took this photo while scouting for places astronauts might land on the
moon.
Using data gathered by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO) mission, scientists believe they have solved a mystery from one of the solar system's coldest regions — a permanently shadowed crater on the
moon.
LUNAR LOOK A new
moon map, compiled using data from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter, is the most detailed global look yet at the
moon's light - colored plains (shaded green).
The Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter, which maps the
moon, came close enough to image the Apollo 11 lander and traces of the astronauts» presence.
In craters near the south pole of the
moon, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter found some bright areas and some very cold areas.
Observations made by NASA's Lunar Prospector
orbiter in the late 1990s identified hydrogen - rich areas near the
moon's poles but could not determine whether that hydrogen was bound up in water or was present in some other form.
Now images from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter reveal 14 more, all over the
moon's surface.
The mission would include a lander spending 35 days on the
moon's surface to sample and screen material for traces of life; an
orbiter spending three months taking measurements to unravel the basic structure of the planet; and the
orbiter crashing into the
moon, gathering data on Europa's tenuous atmosphere on the way down.
Artist's conception of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter above the
Moon.
While we humans have only set foot on the planet we sprang from and one solitary
moon, we've constructed probes,
orbiters, and rovers to saunter out into space and send back their reports.
After training on Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter images covering about one - third of the
moon's surface, the program was shown another third of the lunar landscape.
Data from the
Moon Mineralogy Mapper that flew aboard India's Chandrayaan - 1 lunar
orbiter shows a diverse mineralogy in the subsurface of the giant South Pole Aitken basin.
Far side of the
moon: this is a composite image of the lunar farside taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter in June 2009, note the absence of dark areas.
While space agencies are planning to send more
orbiters to study Jupiter and its
moons in the next decade, probes remain impractical because the gas planet has no solid surface to land on.
After analysing the
moon's wrinkled surface with data from the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter, Klimczak thinks that the
moon shrank by at least 2 kilometres — previous estimates pegged the contraction at only about 200 metres.
NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO), slated to launch this fall, will pave the way by analyzing the composition of the soil, the temperature, and unexplored regions of the
moon.
For now, the second - highest priority mission on NASA's wish list is the Jupiter Europa
Orbiter, which would survey the ice - covered
moon Europa and the global ocean that seems to lie beneath its frozen surface.
Over the past decade, NASA has sent the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter to map the
Moon; the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite to crash land near the south pole in search of water; the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory to plumb the
Moon's gravity field; and the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) to study its tenuous outer atmosphere.
The
moon may carry material produced by life from Earth dating back to when plants first filled the planet's air with oxygen, according to study of data from a Japanese lunar
orbiter.
That includes $ 595 million to send an
orbiter and lander to Jupiter's
moon Europa; Trump's budget had sought $ 425 million to send a spacecraft flying by the
moon.
Ever since 2005, when NASA's Cassini
orbiter found plumes of water vapor spilling out of cracks in the south pole of Saturn's icy
moon Enceladus, researchers have sought to learn more about the
moon's mysterious interior as a possible abode for extraterrestrial life.
Around the south pole of Enceladus — a 500 - kilometer - wide runt of a
moon many expected to be rather inert and uninteresting — the
orbiter saw tantalizing signs of activity — plumes of water vapor venting into space from fissures in the icy surface.
NASA's Cassini
orbiter is preparing for its death dive into Saturn, leaving behind questions about whether its watery
moon is inhabited.
Mexico's Chicxulub crater, named for a tiny town nearby, looks strikingly similar to Schrödinger crater on the
moon's far side, shown here in a Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter gravity map.
• It is possible for natural objects to orbit
moons, though the host
moon must have sufficient mass that its Hill sphere is large enough to keep the
orbiter within its grasp despite the draw of the host planet.
By measuring the timing for returned signals, it can calculate the distance between the
moon's surface and the
orbiter and hence, shape of the surface.
Its next phase will be the Europa Clipper mission, a Jupiter
orbiter launching in the 2020s to study the watery depths beneath the Jovian
moon's icy crust.
An odd offset of the ice from the
moon's current north and south poles was a tell - tale indicator to Siegler and prompted him to assemble a team of experts to take a closer look at the data from NASA's Lunar Prospector and Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter missions.
JAXA hopes that their Selene lunar
orbiter, scheduled for launch next year, will lay some of the groundwork for populating the
moon.
With such capacities, the Mars
orbiter is ripe for extra assignments such as helping to return precious samples from Mars to Earth or sauntering over and investigating Phobos and Deimos, the planet's two
moons.
To search for the tide's signature, the scientists turned to data taken by LRO's Lunar
Orbiter Laser Altimeter, or LOLA, which is mapping the height of features on the
moon's surface.
JAPAN Since its first launch in 1970, the country has lofted numerous Earth - observation satellites, a spacecraft powered by a solar sail, and SELENE, a lunar
orbiter that mapped the
moon's surface.
NASA is following up with the first comprehensive, up - close map of the
moon, being created by the new Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO).
During the 21 August event, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter used a system of three cameras to photograph the
moon's shadow as it passed near Nashville, ASU Now reports.
India would provide an
orbiter similar to its observation satellite Chandrayaan - 1, which in 2009 helped clinch evidence of water's presence on the
moon.
China is building upon earlier robotic lunar exploits, including unmanned
orbiters and a lander that dispatched the nation's Yutu
moon rover in December 2013.
By contrast, the Huygens probe, which the Cassini
orbiter dropped onto Titan in 2005, lasted for only about 90 minutes on the
moon's frigid surface.
The NASA probe would also make close flybys of another Jovian
moon, Io, while the ESA
orbiter, dubbed Laplace (named for the French mathematician and astronomer), would investigate Callisto as well as Ganymede.
The lowest cost and lowest priority large missions recommended were a Venus Climate
Orbiter at $ 2.4 billion and a spacecraft to orbit Saturn's ice - spewing
moon Enceladus at $ 1.9 billion.
Based on the Diviner data, Greenhagen said the lunar
orbiter has located five previously unobserved sites in the
moon's highlands that are surprisingly rich in oxygen - bearing silicate minerals.
Russia's renewed interest in the
moon came after a Russian instrument hitched a ride in 2009 with NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter.
NASA is planning to send an
orbiter to Europa as part of an international fleet of probes slated to explore Jupiter's environs that may even include a landing on the intriguing
moon
Also, a European Space Agency (ESA)
orbiter, launched separately, would focus on the planet's largest
moon Ganymede, while a Japanese probe would monitor Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Data and photos from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO) reveal the presence of now - dead silicate volcanoes, not the more common basaltic volcanoes that litter the
moon's surface, researchers said.
• Latest
Moon Photos from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter • LRO's Team Spirit with Joanne Baker • Inside Earth's
Moon
It also carries numerous instruments for in situ measurements of the
moon and Mars and, before landing, is due to release a Chinese - built Mars
orbiter, Yinghuo - 1.
The Lunar
Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), one of seven instruments that have circled the
moon since June 2009 on board the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO), bounces a laser beam off the lunar surface and times its return to gauge the elevation of the terrain below.