Sentences with phrase «most previous studies used»

Not exact matches

This cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between RA, breastfeeding, and also use of oral contraceptives, in a population of older women from South China, where cultural habits differ from those in the West, where most previous studies were conducted.

Although most studies of parental depression have focused on mothers, the impact of depression in fathers has received increasing attention.2, 3 Using data from the 2002 National Comorbidity Replication Survey, the Institute of Medicine report also estimated that 4.3 % of men with a child under 18 years old had a major depressive disorder within the previous 12 months.1 In addition, a recent meta - analysis4 suggested that the prevalence of paternal depression within the first year of a child's life was 10.4 %.

Most previous studies asked patients already diagnosed with a disease, such as brain cancer, to recall past cell phone use — a less reliable method.

In addition, the data density and geographic extent of this study is far greater than most previous studies because over 16,000 stream temperature sites were used with thousands of biological survey locations to provide precise information at scales relevant to land managers and conservationists.

Previous studies using the same tasks have found most people use simple undemanding strategies, for example word association, to produce the obvious answers first.

«Most previous studies have focused on using one technique at a time, even though we have evidence that there are alterations in the brain in autism in terms of structure, white - matter connectivity, and brain chemical concentrations.

«Compared with several other strains that have been studied, the strain that is least sensitive to the most endocrine - disrupting chemicals has been identified, and the EPA is planning to use it in the screening assays,» says Spearow, now a staff toxicologist for the California EPA; he emphasizes that this is his personal opinion, based on previous work conducted at Davis.

Randomized clinical trials and epidemiologic studies have shown that individuals who consume higher amounts of added sugar, especially sugar - sweetened beverages, tend to gain more weight7 and have a higher risk of obesity,2,8 - 13 type 2 diabetes mellitus,8,14 - 17 dyslipidemias, 18,19 hypertension, 20,21 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).14, 22 Most previous studies have focused on sugar - sweetened beverages but not total added sugar, and none of these studies has used nationally representative samples to examine the relationship between added sugar intake and CVD mortality.

This instrument has been used in several published studies to gauge the content of teachers» instruction (examples here and here), but most previous studies have used SEC data from only semester - end or year - end surveys (for more on the history of the SEC, see here).

The researchers from Leibniz - IZW also used a previous study which identified the most common parasites found in grey wolves.

Because the analysis method and sparse data used in this study will tend to blur out most century - scale changes, we can't use the analysis of Marcott et al. to draw any firm conclusions about how unique the rapid changes of the twentieth century are compared to the previous 10,000 years.

Previous studies have been limited to CO2 emissions datasets, omitting the most potent and long lasting GHGs1, 6,16, and used vulnerability variables that do not capture the complexity of climate change threats, and can not be forecasted.

The stud, published Monday in the journal Nature Climate Change analyzed the impact of climate change on birds and mammals using 130 previous studies, making it the most comprehensive analysis of the current effects of climate change on animals.

The sum of negative events» rating of bother was used in this study, because previous studies using the CHS and its adult counterpart have suggested that this score is correlated most highly with adjustment measures (Compas, Slavin, Wagner, & Vannatta, 1986; Varni, Rubenfeld, Talbot, & Setoguchi, 1989; Zukerman, Oliver, Hollingsworth, & Austrin, 1986).

Previous studies suggested that early childhood trauma can lead to an array of negative health outcomes and behaviors, including substance abuse, among both adolescents and adults.22 — 25 For example, childhood physical and sexual abuse has been shown to be associated with illegal drug use.26 — 28 Although these studies provide evidence that most substance abusers come from abusive homes, many of these studies have taken a «categorical» approach to examine the relationship between 1 or 2 forms of these childhood exposures and subsequent drug abuse; few studies have examined illicit drug use and abuse in relation to multiple disturbing or stressful childhood exposures.

In contrast, most previous studies have used relatively indirect measures of aggressive behavior, such as incarceration, criminal conviction, or a diagnosis of antisocial behavior or conduct disorder.

Previous MCS studies have related broad composite measures of father engagement in caring activities to subsequent child behavioural outcomes using subscales of total difficulties (emotion, conduct, attention or peer problems)[38 — 40]: most effects were very small and not statistically significant, but (among the large number of analyses performed), inverse associations were reported for (a) engagement at 9 months with emotional problems at 3 years [38], (b) engagement at 3 years with attention problems at 5 years [39] and (c) engagement at 5 years with peer problems at 7 years [40].