Much of the amplification in the past was due to sea ice.
Not exact matches
Long - range PCR is a method that allows for the
amplification of much larger fragments
of DNA than is possible with traditional PCR — fragments larger than 40 kilobases have been reported in long PCR, versus fewer than 10 kilobases for traditional PCR.
And atmospheric scientist James Screen
of the University
of Exeter in the United Kingdom warns that the «link between blocking and Arctic
amplification is still very
much open to debate.»
Typically, lasers require a
much larger cavity that allows light to bounce back and forth between mirrors for it to become amplified into a laser (light
amplification by stimulated emission
of radiation).
This may help explain some
of the changes that are not explained by the orbital curves in the other thread, especially the initiation
of warming and cooling since the GCR effects can be
much more powerful (partly forcing as postulated in the paper, but also
amplification of the weaker orbital forcing).
The «uptick» in Arctic
amplification is most worrisome, says Francis, because
of the possible implications for extreme weather
much further south.
Amplification requires careful calibration, as too
much gain can lead to some
of the biggest EMG amplitudes exceeding the maximum output voltage and thereby being «clipped», but too little gain can lead to some
of the smallest EMG amplitudes being lost and not observed (Burden, 2007).
That's the problem with
amplification, there can be a lot
of distortion (which can sound really cool if your Jimi Hendrix, otherwise not so
much).
Most past modeling experiments that investigated the atmospheric response to Arctic change only considered the loss
of sea ice, which
of course misses
much of the effect
of Arctic
amplification.
Re 9 wili — I know
of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic
amplification specifically in the cold part
of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity
of the sea prevents
much temperature response, but there is a greater build up
of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part
of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect
of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).
However, process engineers building electronic circuits, who invented feedback mathematics, tell us any loop gain
much above zero is far too near the singularity — at a loop gain
of 1 — in the feedback -
amplification function.
Heat from Arctic
amplification over normal conditions in these regions is
much smaller than on the other side
of the pack because the ice covered these seas longer this year; The heat added due to Arctic
amplification probably less than 6... and with most
of that in the Beaufort, and not in the Chukchi and E. Siberian.
Stott, et al., would have found a
much larger and a more uniform and larger
amplification factor had they also investigated the effects
of lagging surface temperature with respect to solar radiation.
I felt she believed what she was saying but was left with the impression that she was pushing her own theory
of arctic
amplification and also the oceans absorbing the recent warming without any realisation that the statistics
of extreme events appears to contradict
much of where she is coming from.
Much of the Northern Hemisphere shows strong heat
amplification with values above +1 C and rising in all the Latitudinal zones above 40 North.
We still have
much more to learn about «Recent Arctic
amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather,» as made clear in a Nature Geoscience paper (with that title) written by several
of the leading researchers in the field, including Francis.
Much of the impacts we presently see are due to salt water invasion
of low lying regions, nuisance flooding events, the
amplification of storm driven tides, and increasing instances
of what are now called king and emperor tides.
After 30 years
of study the modeling
of the soon to be repackaged
amplification is not
much better than it was at the start.
Really the big question for me, once aware
of all in http://s24.postimg.org/rbbws9o85/overview.gif and
much else, is whether or not coming cooling in the 21st century will end with a somewhat brief LIA - like event, or, via
amplification of cooling through further albedo change from snow cover rise then, continue far longer into a non-little Ice Age afterwards..
On the solar subject, if you work out how
much the TSI trend would have to be wrong for solar plus the terrestrial
amplification found by Prof. Nir Shaviv http://sciencebits.com/calorimeter to be able to account for global warming, the answer is, not very
much at all, and well within the uncertainty
of TSI measurement.
The loss
of sea ice has affected the temperature
amplification but other factors seem to be involved, as the loss has been
much more than any model has suggested.
Previously, it had been supposed that last winter's very cold conditions over
much of the continental US was related to «Arctic
amplification.»
In order to sex up CO2 greenhouse warming to a point that might make it scary the climate boffins invented, out
of whole cloth with no empircal data to back it up, an imaginary «
amplification» where a little CO2 warming increases greenhouse warming by water vapor by twice as
much.
This may help explain some
of the changes that are not explained by the orbital curves in the other thread, especially the initiation
of warming and cooling since the GCR effects can be
much more powerful (partly forcing as postulated in the paper, but also
amplification of the weaker orbital forcing).
Much of Stevenson's practice takes place within the courtroom
of the public imagination, via the
amplifications of media.
If that doesn't seem like
much, then you have yet to witness what can be done with seemingly modest digital
amplification and a hearty dose
of DSP.
Labeled as «Dynamic Range Compression», «Dynamic Range Control», «DRC», «Night Mode» — or (
much less commonly) as «Dialogue Enhancement», «Volume
Amplification», «Night Mode», «Boost Downsample» or the like — this option instructs the device to compress the range
of volume in the audio track
of the displayed video such that the highest and lowest points are closer together.