This pattern emerges clearly once
the NAO record is time integrated to stress its comparison with the temperature record.
The full
NAO record exhibits energetic inter-annual fluctuations (not shown), and consequently there is very little autocorrelation in any of the simulated time series, consistent with observations (Fig.
In this way, we can obtain the expected range of projected climate trends using the interannual statistics of the observed
NAO record in combination with the model's radiatively - forced response (given by the ensemble - mean of the 40 simulations).
A tropical SST link would explain why the signal is strongest with a 10 to 20 year lag of the long - term changes (Waple et al, 2001), but the noise in
the NAO record could mean that you only see significant changes after long term averaging.
Not exact matches
With the robots intended for home use — SoftBank's Pepper and
NAO — IOActive found that cyberattackers could use them to
record audio and video and secretly transmit this data to an external server.
The
NAO reportedly told HMRC it did not need the full data
records, including bank details and addresses.
Using historical
records of precipitation, a relationship between winter precipitation and
NAO phases was established.
... The [
NAO proxy
record] shows distinct co-variability with climate changes over Greenland, solar activity and Northern Hemisphere glacier dynamics as well as climatically associated paleo - demographic trends.
Throughout the
record, they found that a combination of two naturally - occurring climate patterns — the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (
NAO)-- were associated with «hot spots» of sea level rise along the Eastern seaboard, including the southeastern hot spot from 2011 to 2015.
We are investing in our research infrastructure on a
record scale, but the
NAO said that we should develop a more strategic process for identifying priorities and proposing projects, potentially through the integrated organisation recommended by Sir Paul Nurse.
However, when I look at the Arctic melt
record, though greater for both the PDO and
NAO, it does not seem to favor one pattern over the other.
Yet, if we look at the Air Pressure
records, (http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov:9091/ncep/NCEP) at the various altitudes there does not seem to be a increase in these values, though the occurrence of where the Air Pressure zones occur seem to be related to the ENSO, PDO and
NAO interaction.
But scientists found a strong (inverse) correlation (r = − 0.84 to − 0.93) between the
NAO index and the Greenland temperature
records, which suggests a minor role for soot imho.
Most
recorded events appear to be linked with cooling episodes, mostly in winter, a transition to or from a negative winter
NAO mode, a positive AMO mode.
But if you look at the temperature
record of several stations upwind and downwind the industrial area's, there is hardly any difference over a long period, except for a stepwise change in 1989, which is directly atributable to the switch of the
NAO from negative to strong positive.
For instance, during the «snowmageddon» winter of 2009/2010, the
NAO was at a near
record low value... «Given our modelling result, these cold winters were probably exacerbated by the recent prolonged and anomalously low solar minimum.
On decadal timescales the increase in the
NAO from the 1960s to 1990s... may also be partly explained by the upwards trend in solar activity evident in the open solar - flux
record....»»
By these measures, the CESM - LE produces a credible
NAO, given the length of the observational
record available for assessment.
Indeed, the
NAO shows a wide variety of temporal sequences across the 30 members of the CESM - LE, with ensemble member 5 lining up with the observed
record just by chance (Fig. 5).
Here, σ is computed for each ensemble member individually and then averaged over all 40 members, but nearly identical results are obtained by appending the detrended
NAO time series from all 40 ensemble members into one long
record and then computing σ (not shown).
While the statistics of 30 - year (or longer)
NAO trends and associated surface climate impacts can not be reliably determined from the short observational
record, we have made use of a simple relationship between the statistics of trends of any length and the statistics of the interannual variability, provided the time series is Gaussian (Thompson et al. 2015).
The Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from marine and lake
records Moreno et al, 06/2012; ``... a persistent positive mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (
NAO) dominated the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA: 900 — 1300 AD).»
The integrated
NAO (INAO) is found to well correlate with the length of the day (since 1650) and the global surface sea temperature
record HadSST2 and HadSST3 (since 1850).
In general, the features exhibited in shorter
records are shown to be robust, for example the strong skewness of the
NAO distribution.