Sentences with phrase «nodal signaling»

Specifically the disputed question is whether Toddler acts early, to enhance Nodal signaling, and therefore to specify endoderm cells; or, alternatively, whether it acts later, to control the migration of mesendoderm.

Thus, lefty mutants have increased Nodal signaling resulting in increased endodermal and mesodermal gene expression and cell number during gastrulation (Meno et al., 1999; Rogers et al., unpublished).

Peerani et al. [31] suggested that there is a minimal colony size effect the maintenance of human ES cell pluripotency, and provided evidence that autocrine regulators of BMP and nodal signaling are key components of this regulatory pathway.

In order to address this question, we focus on the Nodal signaling pathway and analyze the chromatin profile of its target genes during the transition from pluripotency to fate specification.

Their Kupffer's vesicles were abnormally symmetric in shape, and southpaw expression was greatly reduced, suggesting that gdf3 is also required for optimal Nodal signaling during later stages of embryonic development.

«Thus, we hypothesize that Gdf3 combines with Ndr1 and Ndr2 to facilitate Nodal signaling during zebrafish development, acting as an essential factor in embryonic patterning,» said Pelliccia, a graduate student in molecular biology.

Nodal signals also trigger transcription of their own inhibitors, which belong to the Lefty family.

Antibody staining also shows increased phosphorylation of the Nodal signal transducer, Smad2, in lefty2 mutant embryos as compared to wild - type embryos (Author response image 1)(Dubrulle et al. 2015; Schier 2009).

Not exact matches

That suggests that the dynein's job could be either to drag molecular signals that activate lefty or nodal to the node's left side, or to carry signals that repress them to the right side, says Joseph Yost, a developmental biologist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.

Indeed, the group found that the affected gene, named left - right dynein (lrd), comes on in the «node» — a key source of patterning signals — just before the appearance in the mouse embryo of the first known left - right asymmetries, the left - sided expression of two genes called nodal and lefty.

These factors, along with stem cell autocrine factors such as nodal and GDF - 3, might maintain a high local ratio of SMAD2 / 3 to SMAD1 signaling to drive stem cell maintenance.