Sentences with phrase «none of these studies examined»

We were unable to answer questions about the effectiveness of education and support for breastfeeding multiples from different care providers and the training of care providers, nor of the timing, intensity or form of support, as none of the studies examined these issues.

None of these studies examined the unique effect of demonstration lessons on teacher classroom practice, relative to other teacher leader support practices.

None of these studies examined the direct impact of teacher leadership on student learning, and instead investigated how teacher leadership affected the conditions for student learning at the school level.

None of these studies examined the unique contribution of lesson planning.

However, none of these studies examined mediating mechanisms for these effects (although Bailey, Ennett, and Ringwalt [1993] found that general parenting styles did not explain parental smoking cessation effects).

However, none of these studies examined potential subgroups of social anxiety over the whole adolescent period despite the relevance of this developmental phase to the increase of social anxiety in nonclinical populations (Westenberg et al. 2004).

Not exact matches

Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration are based on extensive evidence from both observational and intervention studies of short - and long - term health benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants.13 — 15 Nevertheless, to our knowledge none of previous studies has systematically examined whether the increases in breastfeeding resulting from such interventions have equally benefited all socioeconomic groups.

Although a few previous studies have found associations between infant feeding and intestinal microbiome composition,9 - 12, 14 to our knowledge, none has examined the relative contribution of combination feeding (breast milk and formula) alongside exclusive formula or breastfeeding to overall microbial community composition.

Although many studies have examined the durability of various knot configurations, none had really focused on the physics of why a knot comes undone on its own.

Further, none of these previous studies took a systems biology approach by examining covariation across GE patterns (versus specific gene pathways).

To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies exploring the effects of foam rolling on increasing extensibility in a dynamic position, and none that examine whether a prolonged FR intervention will allow for greater gains in hip extension or if improvements will be maintained 1 - week postintervention.

Randomized clinical trials and epidemiologic studies have shown that individuals who consume higher amounts of added sugar, especially sugar - sweetened beverages, tend to gain more weight7 and have a higher risk of obesity,2,8 - 13 type 2 diabetes mellitus,8,14 - 17 dyslipidemias, 18,19 hypertension, 20,21 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).14, 22 Most previous studies have focused on sugar - sweetened beverages but not total added sugar, and none of these studies has used nationally representative samples to examine the relationship between added sugar intake and CVD mortality.

Although all studies found an increased risk of depression with higher baseline consumption of added sugars, soft drinks, juices and pastries; none examined the role of «reverse causation» in producing the observed association.

In these studies, lesson planning was examined as part of a set of teacher leader practices; none focused on the unique contribution of lesson planning.

None of these studies, however, examined the quality of any lesson plans or other materials that have been developed to help teachers use the digital primary sources, as this study examines.

Few studies examine employee responses to layoff - induced unemployment risk; none that we know of quantify the impact of job insecurity on individual employee productivity.

None of the houses examined for a study of 52 homes built between 1997 and 2002 complied fully with building regulations.

None of the experts who have studied LAO and made recommendations for its future, examined LAO LAW, its success, or its methods.

Despite decades of research describing the harmful effects of family poverty on children's emotional and behavioral development, eg,12 - 17 experimental or quasi-experimental manipulations of family income that could go beyond description are rare18 and tend to examine the effect of such manipulations on physical health or academic attainment, rather than emotional or behavioral functioning.19, 20 Other analyses of the Great Smoky Mountains data set have focused on educational and criminal outcomes.21 The few studies looking at emotional or behavioral outcomes tend to have a short time frame.22, 23 Some studies of school - based interventions have followed up with children through to adulthood, 24,25 but we have found none that have looked at the long - term effects of family income supplementation on adult psychological functioning.

Unfortunately, none of our moderator analyses reached statistical significance, which limits our ability to predict more specifically which factors are associated with insecure attachment in individuals with CD / ODD despite the significant heterogeneity present in the sample of studies examined.

The potential moderating effect of each of the family environment variables studied was examined but none of the interactions were found to be significant.

Although a few studies have examined predictors of trajectories of probability of use and amount of SU, none have examined the proposed interaction between internalizing and externalizing symptoms (e.g., Brown et al. 2005; Capaldi et al. 2009).

None of the studies that examined the association between parental expectations of European American families and children's achievement failed to find an association.

None of the previous studies examined the separate FIMP dimensions.