Sentences with phrase «nonradiative forcings»
Another consideration in devising metrics for nonradiative forcings is enabling direct comparison with radiative forcings, computed in units of watts per square meter.
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Indeed, because nonradiative forcings affect multiple climate variables, there is no single metric that can be applied to characterize all nonradiative forcings (Marland et al., 2003; Kabat et al., 2004).
Several nonradiative forcings involve the biological components of the climate system.
However, not all nonradiative forcings are easily quantified in these units.
Nonradiative forcings generally have significant regional variation, making it important that any new metrics be able to characterize the regional structure in forcing and climate response — whether the response occurs in the region, in a distant region through teleconnections, or globally.
Furthermore, quantifying nonradiative forcings in
These nonradiative forcings generally have radiative impacts, but describing them only in terms of this radiative impact does not convey fully their influence on climate variables of societal relevance.
However, this approach may not convey appropriately the impacts of nonradiative forcings on societally relevant climate variables such as precipitation or ecosystem function.
Nonradiative forcings have eventual radiative impacts, so one option would be to quantify these radiative impacts.
Other nonradiative forcings modify the biological components of the climate system by changing the fluxes of trace gases and heat between vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere and by modifying the amount and types of vegetation.
No metrics for quantifying such nonradiative forcings have been accepted.
As is the case for regional radiative forcing, further work is needed to quantify links between regional nonradiative forcing and climate response.
Nonetheless, the limitations call for broadening the concept to account for nonradiative forcing, spatial and temporal heterogeneity of forcing, and nonlinearities.
Some types of nonradiative forcing are not easily quantified in watts per square meter, thus it is not clear how to compare them to radiative forcing
Does not fully characterize the climate impact of nonradiative forcing, the indirect aerosol effect (other than the first), and the semidirect aerosol effect
Further work is needed to quantify links of regional nonradiative forcing to regional and global climate response
Finally, we examine ways to improve the application of radiative and nonradiative forcing metrics in policy analyses directed at climate change.
Not exact matches
Some forcings affect the climate system in nonradiative ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle or vegetation dynamics.
It needs to be expanded to account for the vertical and regional structure of radiative forcing and also for nonradiative climate forcings.