Sentences with phrase «observational measures of»

Only Mendelson et al. (1995) and Turner et al. (2005) used similar self - report questionnaires of the parent — child relationship but studied a different age group (i.e., adolescents), while most other studies relied on parents» reports or observational measures of family factors.

Test - retest reliability over a four month period and correlations between the TAI and both parent - rating scales and observational measures of treatment change have been demonstrated (Brestan et al. 1999).

More specifically, in the present study we collected (1) global self - report measures of cognitive empathy (i.e., dispositional perspective taking) and affective empathy (i.e., dispositional empathic concern and personal distress); (2) spouses» interaction - based assessment of cognitive empathy (i.e., situational perspective taking) and affective empathy (i.e., situational empathic concern and personal distress); and (3) observational measures of support - seeking and support provision behavior.

A surveillance instrument for observational measures of point - of - sale tobacco marketing, including product availability, advertising, promotions, and price.

Observational measures of classroom environment and the quality of teacher - child interactions are increasingly used in Head Start / Early Head Start programs:

These longitudinal studies have used interview and maternal report measures to track the course of maternal depression, observational measures of parenting and mother - child interaction to assess specific aspects of parenting and the mother - child relationship, and outcome measures focused on children's social - emotional and cognitive development, school readiness and overall adjustment.4

Description of some of these same programs in terms of observations of actual classroom behavior is one of the objectives of this chapter; the other is to report relations between these observational measures of the intellectual growth of pupils.

Teaching practices were measured by teachers» use of research - validated practices, including measures of teacher - researcher interactions, quantitative measures of implementation fidelity, observational measures of change in teacher and student behavior, and teacher satisfaction.

Many systems have multiple components, combining observational measures of instructional practice with measures of student learning.

This standardized observational measure of preschoolers» self - control significantly predicted health, wealth, and convictions at the age of 32 y, albeit with modest effect sizes (SI Appendix, Table S5).

Mark is an author of Developmental Parenting: A Guide for Early Childhood Practitioners, the PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) parent - child interaction observation measure and the HOVRS (Home Visit Rating Scales) an observational measure of home visiting practices.

She co-developed the PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) measure of developmental parenting and the HOVRS (Home Visit Rating Scales) an observational measure of home visitor effectiveness.

The CII (Webster - Stratton 1998) was used as a second observational measure of child behavior.

Trained observers completed a direct assessment of child attachment security and an observational measure of maternal sensitivity, data on maternal depression was obtained via maternal report.

Here, we examined the causal effects of attachment priming on self - reported condom use attitudes and an observational measure of condom acquisition behavior.

Not exact matches

On the evidence side, I know that the evidence primarily comes from observational studies, and there are methodological issues with measuring dose and duration of breastfeeding particularly after the introduction of complementary foods, however the evidence is fairly consistent in showing a reduction in gastrointestinal, respiratory and ear infections (see «Breastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764214).

All of these factors that go into our decision to breastfeed for 4 or 6 or 12 months are hard to measure and hard to control for in an observational study.

Previous attempts to evaluate the Baby Friendly Initiative within an observational study design have often been limited by small sample size or reliance upon ecological measures of confounding factors.16, 17 The advantage of the Millennium Cohort Study is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differences.

These interstellar «lighthouse beacons» are invaluable for doing observational experiments on a variety of astronomical phenomena, including measuring gravity waves.

Measuring the equation of state of dark energy is one of the biggest efforts in observational cosmology today.

Specifically, the screening participants were self - selected, the measurements of PVD were taken once and not confirmed, and the study itself was observational with no cause - and - effect measured.

Scientists lack even the observational tools to measure the effects of albedo modification, the report states.

Although an observational study of this nature can not assess the extent to which mass drug administration was responsible for eliminating malaria, it certainly indicates that mass drug administration should be considered and can be effective in local settings alongside other malaria control measures.

These included trials in which participants were randomly assigned to different diets, as well as observational studies in which participants» intake of fatty acids was determined by asking them about their diet or by measuring the fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream.

The observational study correlated a measure of the voice pitch of members of the United States Congress with a measure of their leadership ability to test whether members with lower - pitched voices are more effective leaders.

The team compared the scattering coefficient obtained by their approach with the scattering coefficient measured on board the aircraft and found good agreement between the estimated and measured scattering coefficients for a wide range of observational conditions.

Her dissertation, New frontiers for diagnosing the turbulent nature of the multiphase magnetized medium, described innovative methods for measuring turbulence in a magnetized interstellar medium by connecting theoretical, computational, and observational results.

Observational studies have a high risk of bias owing to problems such as self - selection of interventions (people who believe in the benefits of meditation or who have prior experience with meditation are more likely to enroll in a meditation program and report that they benefited from one) and use of outcome measures that can be easily biased by participants» beliefs in the benefits of meditation.

I will agree that BMI is not a good indicator of lean mass, which the study also mentioned could not be measured due to the nature of the study being observational.

Of 63 observational studies of vitamin D in relation to cancer risk, the majority discovered that vitamin D acts as a preventative measurOf 63 observational studies of vitamin D in relation to cancer risk, the majority discovered that vitamin D acts as a preventative measurof vitamin D in relation to cancer risk, the majority discovered that vitamin D acts as a preventative measure.

This was a cross-sectional study, meaning it was a type of observational study design where the outcome and the exposures in the study participants are measured at the same time.

Although the authors controlled for an array of health measures and behaviors, this type of study, known as an observational study, can't entirely rule out extenuating factors unrelated to hormone therapy.

Using data from an observational study, we used sinusoidal regression models to evaluate seasonal variation of nutrient intake, PA, and body weight as amplitude and phase (a time while the measure was at peak).

Our measures, our process for taking field notes, our surveys, our interview protocols, and our observational tools are all solidly grounded in reading curriculum and instructional matters rather than more general conceptualizations of teaching and program organization.

Artificial inflation is a term I recently coined to represent what is / was happening in Houston, and elsewhere (e.g., Tennessee), when district leaders (e.g., superintendents) mandate or force principals and other teacher effectiveness appraisers or evaluators to align their observational ratings of teachers» effectiveness with teachers» value - added scores, with the latter being (sometimes relentlessly) considered the «objective measure» around which all other measures (e.g., subjective observational measures) should revolve, or align.

She also notes that if her system contradicts teachers» value - added scores, this too should «raise red flags» about the quality of the teacher, although she does not (in this article) pay any respect or regard for the issues not only inherent in value - added measures but also her observational system.

In addition to being costly to collect, observational measures that favor particular teaching practices may encourage a type of teaching that is not always best.

Because value - added measures adjust for the characteristics of students in a given classroom, they are less biased measures of teacher performance than are unadjusted test score measures, and they may be less biased even than some observational measures.

Polikoff found that «state tests indeed vary considerably in their correlations with observational and student survey measures of effective teaching.»

· The NYPD Officer Written Exam designed to measure the cognitive ability, observational skills, and mental acuity of applicants to the NYPD takes one hour and 30 minutes to complete.

I will develop measures of local opportunities based on course - taking dynamics, explore associations between mindset and achievement in the observational data, and assess contextual heterogeneity in the causal impacts of a growth mindset in the experiment.

The bill cements the use of test scores to evaluate and make high - stakes decisions (e.g., tenure) about teachers, along with observational measures.

The Stability of Observational and Student Survey Measures of Teaching Effectiveness is a useful paper from USC Professor Morgan S. Polikoff.

If misalignment is noticed, it is not to be the fault of either measure (e.g., in terms of measurement error), it is to be the fault of the principal who is critiqued for inaccuracy, and therefore (inversely) incentivized to skew their observational data (the only data over which the supervisor has control) to artificially match VAM - based output.

Early Childhood Teacher Evaluation: Challenges and Opportunities Using Observational Measures — Bridget Hamre, Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, University of Virginia

Evaluations in years one and two (1) assessed preschool quality using two observational measures, (2) measured children's gains in receptive vocabulary, literacy, math and executive functions, and (3) compared gains of SPP attendees to those of a non-equivalent comparison group to estimate SPP impacts on children's learning and development.

Regardless of the tests, however, all of the secondary measures to be used to evaluate Alabama teachers (e.g., student and parent survey scores, observational scores) are also to be «correlated with impacts on student achievement results.»

This is true not only for stability, but also for issues of bias (another claim commonly leveled against VAMs that may well apply to observational and student survey measures).

My paper in the American Journal of Education, The Stability of Observational and Student Survey Measures of Teaching Effectiveness, uses data from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Measures of Effective Teaching study to investigate this issue, looking at the year - to - year stability of several well known and widely - used observational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod stuObservational and Student Survey Measures of Teaching Effectiveness, uses data from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Measures of Effective Teaching study to investigate this issue, looking at the year - to - year stability of several well known and widely - used observational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod student Measures of Teaching Effectiveness, uses data from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Measures of Effective Teaching study to investigate this issue, looking at the year - to - year stability of several well known and widely - used observational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod student Measures of Effective Teaching study to investigate this issue, looking at the year - to - year stability of several well known and widely - used observational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod stuobservational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod student measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod student survey).

Confidence is limited because of definitional issues regarding how to classify and measure a drought, a lack of observational data and the inability of models to include all the factors that influence droughts.