Sentences with phrase «ocean atmosphere feedbacks»

Not exact matches

The paper also describes an atmosphere - ocean modeling study of feedback loops caused by ice sheet melting under 2 °C conditions.

That may in turn have caused the planet to heat up enough to melt deposits of methane frozen in sediments on the ocean floor (something, incidentally, that could happen again), discharging even more potent greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and further heating the planet in an escalating feedback loop.

Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions of other volcanoes, as well as sea - ice / ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s.

It is our hope that wider consideration of this feedback loop and the timing of its onset, will improve our understanding of the extent to which Earth's atmosphere - ocean oxygen reservoir is regulated.»

«The model we developed and applied couples biospheric feedbacks from oceans, atmosphere, and land with human activities, such as fossil fuel emissions, agriculture, and land use, which eliminates important sources of uncertainty from projected climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's Climate Change Science Institute.

Strengthening ENSO over the current interglacial period, caused by increasing positive ocean - atmosphere feedbacks

Publication: Antarctic ice shield discharge driven by atmosphere - ocean feedbacks at the Last Glacial Termination, DOI: 10.1038 / srep39979

Warming oceans produced a third positive feedback cycle by pumping more moisture into the atmosphere.

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

Soden, B.J., and I.M. Held, 2006: An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean - atmosphere models.

So here's an attempt: When temperatures change because of an orbital forcing, you've got a strong CO2 feedback because the CO2 in the atmosphere was in equilibrium with the CO2 in the oceans before temperatures changed.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

That is, although an El Nino episode is primarily concerned with re-distributing (but not changing the total amount of) heat in the ocean / atmosphere system, the combined feedbacks would tend to increase the heat in that system.

Because this issue continues to affect all coupled ocean - atmosphere models (e.g., 22 — 24), the warming (Fig. 3) represents the expression of positive biotic feedback mechanisms missing from earlier simulations of these climates obtained with prescribed PI concentrations of trace GHGs.

Proposed explanations for the discrepancy include ocean — atmosphere coupling that is too weak in models, insufficient energy cascades from smaller to larger spatial and temporal scales, or that global climate models do not consider slow climate feedbacks related to the carbon cycle or interactions between ice sheets and climate.

There's also a number of interesting applications in the evolution of Earth's atmosphere that branch off from the runaway greenhouse physics, for example how fast a magma - ocean covered early Earth ends up cooling — you can't lose heat to space of more than about 310 W / m2 or so for an Earth - sized planet with an efficient water vapor feedback, so it takes much longer for an atmosphere - cloaked Earth to cool off from impact events than a body just radiating at sigmaT ^ 4.

I think what Alastair is alluding to is the fact that, say by 2050 when the arctic ocean will conceivably be ice - free in the summer, the atmosphere will have a much higher relative humidity than it has currently because of the open air = water interface, so this will have a magnifying effect beyond just the feedback from increased CO2.

If the heat that's accumulated in the oceans between, say, 2003 and 2012 (~ 9 * 10 ^ 22 J) were instead entirely to heat the atmosphere, GAT would have risen ~ 17 K in that time, ex any feedbacks.

The non linear nature of forcing is related more to positive feedbacks and changes that are still being studied, such as cyclic changes in moisture content and regional dispersion, the methane cycles in the ocean or the potential of methane clathrate / hydrate release, and of course the race to feed more people on a planet which will inevitably add more nitrous oxide to the atmosphere and create more dead zones in the oceans, droughts, floods, fires, dogs and cats living together, mass hysteria....

of anthropogenic CO2 releases that have been taken out of the atmosphere (over and above the amount taken out of the atmosphere that balances the natural additions to the atmosphere), perhaps mainly as a direct biogeochemical feedback (increased CO2 favoring more rapid biological fixation of C, net flux of CO2 into water until equilibrium for the given storage of other involved chemical species in the upper ocean) fairly promptly.

There is a potential for both positive and negative feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, including changes in both the physics (e.g., circulation, stratification) and biology (e.g., export production, calcification) of the ocean.

Seems a little astronomical forcing (Milankovitch) led to changes in the ocean and ocean - atmosphere interactions which gave a positive feedback kick to CO2 release which caused a big warm up and rapid glacial melt.

It is true that during ice ages the oceans took up more CO2 and that is why there was less in the atmosphere, and during the warming at the end of glacial cycles that CO2 came back out of the ocean, and this was an important amplifying feedback.

Note extreme temperature maximums of 5 - 8 °C and that multiple ice, atmosphere and ocean processes help reinforce albedo feedbacks (after Wood et al., submitted).

Even so, revealing and unexpected teleconnections are being discovered; moreover, progress is being made towards model structures and data sets that will allow implementation of coupled atmosphere - ocean - terrestrial models that include key biological - biogeochemical feedbacks.

Section 8.6 discusses the various feedbacks that operate in the atmosphere - land surface - sea ice system to determine climate sensitivity, and Section 8.3.2 discusses some processes that are important for ocean heat uptake (and hence transient climate response).

Other important feedbacks include ocean - atmosphere interactions and the possibility that methane will be released from melting tundra.

Reduction in ice free area, a positive feedback to the atmosphere increases poleward ocean heat transport, a negative feedback for the oceans.

The ocean feedbacks are present in all resolutions, across most of the bi-stable region, whereas the atmosphere feedback is strongest in the longitude — latitude grid and around the transition where the THC off state is disappearing.

In this paper, the intensity and the spatial structure of ocean - atmosphere feedback terms (precipitation, surface wind stress, and ocean surface heat flux) associated with ENSO are evaluated for six different reanalysis products.

The ensemble and seasonal forecast systems use a coupled atmosphere - ocean model, which includes a simulation of the general circulation of the ocean and the associated coupled feedback processes that exist.

Uncertainty in the ocean - atmosphere feedbacks associated with ENSO in the reanalysis products

The evolution of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability can be characterized by various ocean - atmosphere feedbacks, for example, the influence of ENSO related sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the low - level wind and surface heat fluxes in the equatorial tropical Pacific, which in turn affects the evolution of the SST.

They are weakly damped decay responses due to the differences in ocean / atmosphere sensitivities to difference forces and feedbacks.

Ocean - ice - atmosphere coupling spawns a sequence of positive and negative feedbacks that convey persistence and quasi-oscillatory features to the signal.

I have devoted 30 years to conducting research on topics including climate feedback processes in the Arctic, energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, the role of clouds and aerosols in the climate system, and the impact of climate change on the characteristics of tropical cyclones.

It also ignores a further positive feedback whose occurrence is widely predicted, namely the Ocean Heating & Acidification causing the decline of the oceans» carbon sink, thus leaving more of annual anthro - CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, thus adding to ocean heaOcean Heating & Acidification causing the decline of the oceans» carbon sink, thus leaving more of annual anthro - CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, thus adding to ocean heaocean heating.

Until we understand natural variations in clouds, percipatation, oceans, the sun, ocean / atmosphere interface, the Artic atmospheric dynamics, and all feedbacks + / - enough to quantify them, projections are meaningless.

Critcisms of the energy budget model approach are that it is sensitive to uncertainties in observations and doesn't account for slow feedbacks between the atmosphere, deep oceans and ice sheets.

AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..

Table 1 in Soden & Held «An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean - atmosphere models» (Jnl.

But I can't imagine them being triggered by culminating positive feedbacks from cyclic oscillations in the ocean / atmosphere.

James Hurrell and colleagues in an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society stated that the «global coupled atmosphere — ocean — land — cryosphere system exhibits a wide range of physical and dynamical phenomena with associated physical, biological, and chemical feedbacks that collectively result in a continuum of temporal and spatial variability.

Note 1: A simple hotspot explanation summarized from this article: Increasing CO2 levels causes atmosphere to warm; then atmosphere causes Earth's surface to warm; warming of oceans cause evaporation; increased evaporation leads to more water vapor in the upper troposphere; water vapor is a powerful greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere even more (positive water vapor feedback); the Earth's surface warms even more; and then auto «repeat and rinse» until Earth's oceans boil, per an «expert.»

This feeds back into ocean and atmosphere temperatures so a positive feedback loop occurs.

In summer more sea ice melts, which leads to decreased albedo, a climate feedback that enhances the warming of both the open ocean water and the atmosphere directly above it.

Very recently, Ringer et al. (2014) and Brient et al. (2015) analyzed the CMIP5 fully coupled ocean — atmosphere models and their corresponding Cess experiments and confirmed again that the Cess experiments provide a good guide to the global cloud feedbacks determined from the coupled simulations, including the intermodel spread.

Hu, 2012: Uncertainty in the ocean - atmosphere feedbacks associated with ENSO in the reanalysis products.

These cause interesting, potentially stabilizing, feedbacks in models: if an ice shelf thins or retreats as the ocean or atmosphere warms, tidal currents can weaken as water depth increases, leading to lower melt rates.

Our atmosphere - ocean model shows that the freshwater spurs amplifying feedbacks that would accelerate ice shelf and ice sheet mass loss, thus providing support for our assumption of a nonlinear ice sheet response.