POAMA stands for Predictive
Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia.
Not exact matches
Not a real one, of course, but rather a virtual voyager, a computer
model that plumbs the otherwise - inaccessible depths of Earth's anoxic past (or an alien planet's present), exploring the possible chemistry of gases in the
atmosphere and
ocean that could have occurred there.
«The widespread loss of Antarctic ice shelves, driven by a warming
ocean or warming
atmosphere, could spell disaster for our coastlines — and there is sound geological evidence that supports what the
models are telling us,» said Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a co-author of the study and one of the developers of the ice - sheet
model used.
A step that could improve climate
models A better understanding of how the
atmosphere and the
oceans communicate and exchange things like CO2 can also help improve climate
models and predictions of the future.
A study released last month in the Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres used three different
models to run the same SSCE scenario in which sea - salt engineering was used in the low - latitude
oceans to keep top - of -
atmosphere radiative forcing at the 2020 level for 50 years and was then abruptly turned off for 20 years.
The
models must track how carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cycle through the whole system — how the gases interact with plant life,
oceans, the
atmosphere — and how this influences overall global temperatures.
The paper also describes an
atmosphere -
ocean modeling study of feedback loops caused by ice sheet melting under 2 °C conditions.
GCMs are computer
models which capture physical processes governing the
atmosphere and
oceans to simulate the response of temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological variables in different scenarios.
The
model reconstructs how present - day continents,
oceans and the
atmosphere may have evolved.
«This is true for both types of
models — those driven with observed sea surface temperatures, and the coupled climate
models that simulate evolution of both the
atmosphere and
ocean and are thus not expected to yield the real - world evolution of the PDO.
Jason - 3 measurements will also be ingested by Numerical prediction
models coupling the
atmosphere and the
oceans used for seasonal forecasting.
«We're trying to understand how what we're doing to the Earth's
atmosphere and
oceans will play out in the future,» says Bette Otto - Bliesner, who runs a full - complexity climate
model — and its 1.5 million lines of code — through a supercomputer named Yellowstone at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder.
By combining this data with Ridgwell's global climate
model, the team deduced the amount of carbon added to the
ocean and
atmosphere and concluded that volcanic activity during the opening of the North Atlantic was the dominant force behind the PETM.
Other researchers are pushing the frontiers of climate
modeling, simulating how the
oceans,
atmosphere and land responded as Pliocene temperatures soared.
To test the hypothesis, Kutzbach and Lui ran an
ocean model that responded to the increased radiation, then fed the revised
ocean temperatures into an
atmosphere model.
In addition to the
atmosphere,
models must also include other key earthly elements, such as the
ocean, land masses and even sea ice.
Randall's team is addressing this problem by creating an
ocean model constructed with a grid identical to that of the
atmosphere model.
The
model was developed recently by the US government's National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to make use of new sea and wind data collected from instruments moored across the Pacific as part of the international Tropical
Ocean / Global
Atmosphere (TOGA) research programme.
«Using
atmosphere and
ocean grids that have the same shape is in a sense an obvious thing to do, but it is not being done in all
models,» Randall explains.
The
models also include the greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants that result from these processes, and they incorporate all of that information within a global climate
model that simulates the physical and chemical processes in the
atmosphere, as well as in freshwater and
ocean systems.
MODIS tracks features of the land,
oceans and
atmosphere that can help develop
models that predict global changes.
«While the detection of greening is based on data, the attribution to various drivers is based on
models,» said co-author Josep Canadell of the
Oceans and
Atmosphere Division in the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Canberra, Australia.
So they created a set of global climate
models to analyze the
ocean and
atmosphere over a 40 - year period, keeping carbon dioxide levels fixed.
COAWST combines
models of
ocean,
atmosphere, waves and sediment transport for analysis of coastal change.
That is a question climate scientists have so far been unable to answer because of limited opportunities to take robust
ocean -
atmosphere measurements around the planet and because of inherent challenges in existing computer
models.
«The problem is similar to
modeling Earth's
atmosphere or
oceans: It's too complicated.
Climate
modeling shows that the trends of warming
ocean temperatures, stronger winds and increasingly strong upwelling events are expected to continue in the coming years as carbon dioxide concentrations in the
atmosphere increase.
A decade ago, these
models typically focused on the
atmosphere and the
ocean.
Most important, it relies on the first published results from the latest generation of so - called Earth System climate
models, complex programs that run on supercomputers and seek to simulate the planet's
oceans, land, ice, and
atmosphere.
CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled
atmosphere -
ocean general circulation
models so that these
models can be compared and validated.
But the
models also suggest that the scheme could go too far: Adding excess sulfur could increase ice in Antarctica, «overcompensating» for warming, says Rasch, which could affect ecosystems and the global
ocean -
atmosphere system in a myriad of ways that scientists haven't studied.
«The
model we developed and applied couples biospheric feedbacks from
oceans,
atmosphere, and land with human activities, such as fossil fuel emissions, agriculture, and land use, which eliminates important sources of uncertainty from projected climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems
Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's Climate Change Science Institute.
This work has been supported by the NOPP project «Advanced coupled
atmosphere - wave -
ocean modeling for improving tropical cyclone prediction
models» (PIs: Isaac Ginis, URI and Shuyi Chen, UM) and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbons in the Environment — CARTHE (PI: Tamay Özgökmen, UM).
Using a coupled
model of the
ocean and the
atmosphere, they were able to successfully replicate these events.
They then analyzed
ocean -
atmosphere carbon exchange and
ocean carbon cycling within their circulation
model.
The researchers used a climate
model, a so - called coupled
ocean -
atmosphere model, which they forced with the observed wind data of the last decades.
Scientists are involved in the evaluation of global - scale climate
models, regional studies of the coupled
atmosphere /
ocean / ice systems, regional severe weather detection and prediction, measuring the local and global impact of the aerosols and pollutants, detecting lightning from space and the general development of remotely - sensed data bases.
Researchers carry out innovative basic and applied research programs in coral reef biology, ecology, and geology; fish biology, ecology, and conservation; shark and billfish ecology; fisheries science; deep - sea organismal biology and ecology; invertebrate and vertebrate genomics, genetics, molecular ecology, and evolution; microbiology; biodiversity; observation and
modeling of large - scale
ocean circulation, coastal dynamics, and
ocean atmosphere coupling; benthic habitat mapping; biodiversity; histology; and calcification.
However, the
models also suggest that, as we go forward in time, the relative importance of increasing radiative effects, compared with
atmosphere and
ocean dynamic effects, is likely to increase.
The remote impacts of Arctic sea - ice loss can only be properly represented using
models that simulate interactions among the
ocean, sea ice, land and
atmosphere.
In fact, we find the
model range is an excellent predictor of observed trends and their uncertainty due to random chaotic processes in the
atmosphere and
ocean.»
Collaborative products range from published papers that build realistic radiative transfer
models from within the
ocean to the top of the
atmosphere to the assembly of novel databases that contain
ocean and atmospheric measurements useful to develop novel algorithms.
Climate
models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the
atmosphere,
oceans, land surface, ice — and the sun.
(Bottom left) Multi-
model average SST change for LGM PMIP - 2 simulations by five AOGCMs (Community Climate System
Model (CCSM), Flexible Global
Ocean -
Atmosphere - Land System (FGOALS), Hadley Centre Coupled
Model (HadCM), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate System
Model (IPSL - CM),
Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC)-RRB-.
A: Climate
models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the various aspects of the climate system including the
atmosphere,
oceans, land surface, ice, and the Sun.
(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most
Atmosphere -
Ocean General Circulation
Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.
Marine planktonic ecosystem dynamics, biogeochemical cycling and
ocean -
atmosphere - land carbon system,
ocean acidification, climate change and
ocean circulation, satellite
ocean color, air - sea gas exchange, numerical
modeling, data analysis, and data assimilation
Broecker's articulation of likely effects of freshwater outbursts in the North Atlantic on
ocean circulation and global climate (Broecker, 1990; Broecker et al., 1990) spurred quantitative studies with idealized
ocean models (Stocker and Wright, 1991) and global
atmosphere —
ocean models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Rahmstorf 1995, 1996).
CESM is a fully - coupled Earth System
model, meaning all components of the Earth (
atmosphere, land,
ocean and cryosphere) «talk» to each other in the
model.
Abstract: Surface
ocean wind datasets are required to be of high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision to accurately force or be assimilated into coupled
atmosphere -
ocean numerical
models and understand
ocean - atmospheric processes.